# ${{\boldsymbol A}^{0}}$ (Axion) Searches in Quarkonium Decays INSPIRE search

Decay or transition of quarkonium. Limits are for branching ratio.
VALUE CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
$<2.8 \times 10^{-8}$ 90 1
 2016 E
BES3 ${{\mathit J / \psi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ ( ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ )
$<4 \times 10^{-7}$ 90 2
 2012
BES3 ${{\mathit J / \psi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ ( ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ )
$<4.0 \times 10^{-5}$ 90 3
 1990 C
CBAL ${{\mathit \Upsilon}{(1S)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$
$<5 \times 10^{-5}$ 90 4
 1987
ND ${{\mathit \phi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ ( ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ )
$<2 \times 10^{-3}$ 90 5
 1987
ND ${{\mathit \phi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ ( ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ )
$<7 \times 10^{-6}$ 90 6
 1987
ND ${{\mathit \phi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ ( ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ missing)
$<1.4 \times 10^{-5}$ 90 7
 1982
CBAL ${{\mathit J / \psi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit A}^{0}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$
1  ABLIKIM 2016E limits between $2.8 - 495.3$ were obtained for 0.212 GeV $<$ ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$ $<$ 3.0 GeV. See their Fig. 5 for mass-dependent limits.
2  ABLIKIM 2012 derived limits between $4 - 2.1$ for 0.212 GeV $<$ ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$ $<$ 3.0 GeV. See their Fig. 2(c) for mass-dependent limits.
3  ANTREASYAN 1990C assume that ${{\mathit A}^{0}}$ does not decay in the detector.
4  The first DRUZHININ 1987 limit is valid when ${\mathit \tau}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}/{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$ $<$ $3 \times 10^{-13}$ s/MeV and ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$ $<$ 20 MeV.
5  The second DRUZHININ 1987 limit is valid when ${\mathit \tau}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}/{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$ $<$ $5 \times 10^{-13}$ s/MeV and ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$ $<$ 20 MeV.
6  The third DRUZHININ 1987 limit is valid when ${\mathit \tau}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}/{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$ $>7 \times 10^{-12}$ s/MeV and ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit A}^{0}}}$ $<$ 200 MeV.
7  EDWARDS 1982 looked for ${{\mathit J / \psi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit A}^{0}}$ decays by looking for events with a single ${{\mathit \gamma}}$ $\lbrack{}$of energy $\sim{}$1/2 the ${{\mathit J / \psi}{(1S)}}$ mass$\rbrack{}$, plus nothing else in the detector. The limit is inconsistent with the axion interpretation of the FAISSNER 1981B result.
References:
 ABLIKIM 2016E
PR D93 052005 Search for a Light $\mathit CP$-odd Higgs Boson in Radiative Decays of ${{\mathit J / \psi}}$
 ABLIKIM 2012
PR D85 092012 Search for a Light Exotic Particle in ${{\mathit J / \psi}}$ Radiative Decays
 ANTREASYAN 1990C
PL B251 204 Limits on Axion and Light Higgs Boson Production in ${{\mathit \Upsilon}{(1S)}}$ Decays
 DRUZHININ 1987
ZPHY C37 1 Search for Rare Radiative Decays of ${{\mathit \phi}{(1020)}}$ Meson at VEPP-2M
 EDWARDS 1982
PRL 48 903 Upper Limit for ${{\mathit J / \psi}{(1S)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}$
 ABLIKIM 2012P
CP C36 1031 Measurement of ${{\mathit J / \psi}}$ Decays into ${{\mathit \Lambda}}{{\overline{\mathit \Lambda}}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$
 FAISSNER 1981B
PL 103B 234 Observation of the Two Photon Decay of a Light Penetrating Particle