LIMITS ON CHARGED PARTICLES IN ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$

Heavy Particle Production Cross Section in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$

INSPIRE   PDGID:
S030EE
Ratio to ${\mathit \sigma (}$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}{)}$ unless noted. See also entries in Free Quark Search and Magnetic Monopole Searches.
VALUE CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
• • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • •
1
ACKERSTAFF
1998P
 OPAL $\mathit Q$=1,2/3, $\mathit m=45 - 89.5$ GeV
2
ABREU
1997D
 DLPH $\mathit Q$=1,2/3, $\mathit m=45 - 84$ GeV
3
BARATE
1997K
 ALEP $\mathit Q$=1, $\mathit m=45 - 85$ GeV
$<2 \times 10^{-5}$ 95 4
AKERS
1995R
 OPAL $\mathit Q$=1, $\mathit m$= $5 - 45$ GeV
$<1 \times 10^{-5}$ 95 4
AKERS
1995R
 OPAL $\mathit Q$=2, $\mathit m$= $5 - 45$ GeV
$<2 \times 10^{-3}$ 90 5
BUSKULIC
1993C
 ALEP $\mathit Q$=1, $\mathit m=32 - 72$ GeV
$\text{<(E-2 - 1)}$ 95 6
ADACHI
1990C
 TOPZ $\mathit Q$=1, $\mathit m=1 - 16$, $18 - 27$ GeV
$<0.07$ 90 7
ADACHI
1990E
 TOPZ $\mathit Q$ = 1, $\mathit m$ = $5 - 25$ GeV
$<0.016$ 95 8
KINOSHITA
1982
PLAS $\mathit Q=3-$180, $\mathit m$ $<$14.5 GeV
$<0.05$ 90 9
BARTEL
1980
JADE $\mathit Q$=(3,4,5)/3 2$-$12 GeV
1  ACKERSTAFF 1998P search for pair production of long-lived charged particles at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ between 130 and 183 GeV and give limits $\sigma <(0.05 - 0.2)~$pb (95$\%$CL) for spin-0 and spin-1/2 particles with $\mathit m=45 - 89.5$ GeV, charge$~$1 and 2/3. The limit is translated to the cross section at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$=183 GeV with the ${{\mathit s}}~$dependence described in the paper. See their Figs.$~2 - 4$.
2  ABREU 1997D search for pair production of long-lived particles and give limits $\sigma <(0.4 - 2.3)~$pb (95$\%$CL) for various center-of-mass energies $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}=130 - 136$, 161, and 172 GeV, assuming an almost flat production distribution in cos $\theta $.
3  BARATE 1997K search for pair production of long-lived charged particles at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 130, 136, 161, and 172 GeV and give limits $\sigma <(0.2 - 0.4)~$pb (95$\%$CL) for spin-0 and spin-1/2 particles with $\mathit m=45 - 85$ GeV. The limit is translated to the cross section at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$=172 GeV with the $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ dependence described in the paper. See their Figs.$~$2 and 3 for limits on $\mathit J$ and $\mathit J$ cases.
4  AKERS 1995R is a CERN-LEP experiment with ${\mathrm {W}}_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ $\sim{}{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit Z}}}$. The limit is for the production of a stable particle in multihadron events normalized to $\sigma\mathrm {( {{\mathit e}^{+}} {{\mathit e}^{-}} \rightarrow hadrons)}$. Constant phase space distribution is assumed. See their Fig.$~$3 for bounds for $\mathit Q$ = $\pm2$/3, $\pm4$/3.
5  BUSKULIC 1993C is a CERN-LEP experiment with ${\mathrm {W}}_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit Z}}}$. The limit is for a pair or single production of heavy particles with unusual ionization loss in TPC. See their Fig.$~$5 and Table$~$1.
6  ADACHI 1990C is a KEK-TRISTAN experiment with ${\mathrm {W}}_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = $52 - 60$ GeV. The limit is for pair production of a scalar or spin-1/2 particle. See Figs.$~$3 and $~$4.
7  ADACHI 1990E is KEK-TRISTAN experiment with ${\mathrm {W}}_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = $52 - 61.4$ GeV. The above limit is for inclusive production cross section normalized to ${\mathit \sigma (}$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}{)}\cdot{}\beta\mathrm {(3 - \beta {}^{2})}$/2, where $\beta $ = (1$~−~4\mathit m{}^{2}/{\mathrm {W}}{}^{2}_{{\mathrm {cm}}}){}^{1/2}$. See the paper for the assumption about the production mechanism.
8  KINOSHITA 1982 is SLAC PEP experiment at ${\mathrm {W}}_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 29 GeV using lexan and ${}^{39}\mathrm {Cr}$ plastic sheets sensitive to highly ionizing particles.
9  BARTEL 1980 is DESY-PETRA experiment with ${\mathrm {W}}_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 27$-$35 GeV. Above limit is for inclusive pair production and ranges between $0.1$ and $0.01$ depending on mass and production momentum distributions. (See their figures 9, 10, 11).
References:
ACKERSTAFF 1998P
PL B433 195 Search for Stable and Longlived Massive Charged Particles with the OPAL Detector at LEP in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13
ABREU 1997D
PL B396 315 Search for Stable Heavy Charged Particles in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 130-136, 161 and 172 GeV
BARATE 1997K
PL B405 379 Search for Pair Production of Long Lived Heavy Charged Particles in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Annihilation
AKERS 1995R
ZPHY C67 203 Search for Heavy Charged Particles and for Particles with Anomalous Charge in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Collisions at LEP
BUSKULIC 1993C
PL B303 198 Search for Particles with Unexpected Mass and Charge in ${{\mathit Z}}$ Decays
ADACHI 1990E
PL B249 336 A Search for Inclusive Production of Heavy Stable Particles by the TOPAZ Detector at TRISTAN
ADACHI 1990C
PL B244 352 Search for Pair Production of Heavy Stable Particles at TRISTAN
KINOSHITA 1982
PRL 48 77 Search for Highly Ionizing Particles in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 29 GeV
BARTEL 1980
ZPHY C6 295 Search for Fractional Charge and Heavy Stable Particles at PETRA