LIMITS ON NEUTRAL PARTICLE PRODUCTION

Heavy Particle Production Cross Section

INSPIRE   PDGID:
S030CS
VALUE (cm${}^{2}/{{\mathit N}}$) CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
• • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • •
1
AAD
2016O
 ATLS ${{\mathit \ell}}$ + (${{\mathit \ell}}$s or jets)
2
AAD
2016R
 ATLS ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ , ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ , ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit Z}}$ resonance
3
LEES
2015E
 BABR ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ collisions
4
ADAMS
1997B
 KTEV $\mathit m$= $1.2 - 5$ GeV
$<10^{-36} - 10^{-33}$ 90 5
GALLAS
1995
TOF $\mathit m$= $0.5 - 20$ GeV
$<(4 - 0.3){\times }\text{ 10}$$^{-31}$ 95 6
AKESSON
1991
CNTR $\mathit m$ = $0 - 5$ GeV
$<2 \times 10^{-36}$ 90 7
BADIER
1986
BDMP $\tau $ = (0.05$-1.){\times }10^{-8}$s
$<2.5 \times 10^{-35}$ 8
GUSTAFSON
1976
CNTR $\tau $ $>10^{-7}$ s
1  AAD 2016O search for high $\mathit E_{T}{{\mathit \ell}}$ + (${{\mathit \ell}}$s or jets) with 3.2 fb${}^{-1}$ at 13 TeV; exclude micro black holes mass $<$ 8 TeV (Fig. 3) for models with two extra dimensions.
2  AAD 2016R search for ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ , ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ , resonance in 20.3 fb${}^{-1}$ at 8 TeV data; limits placed on massive RS graviton (Fig. 4).
3  LEES 2015E search for long-lived neutral particles produced in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ collisions in the Upsilon region, which decays into ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit e}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \mu}^{\mp}}$ , ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$ , or ${{\mathit \pi}^{\pm}}{{\mathit K}^{\mp}}$ . See their Fig. 2 for cross section limits.
4  ADAMS 1997B search for a hadron-like neutral particle produced in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit N}}$ interactions, which decays into a ${{\mathit \rho}^{0}}$ and a weakly interacting massive particle. Upper limits are given for the ratio to ${{\mathit K}_{{L}}}~$production for the mass range $1.2 - 5$ GeV and lifetime $10^{-9} - 10^{-4}~$s. See also our Light Gluino Section.
5  GALLAS 1995 limit is for a weakly interacting neutral particle produced in 800 GeV/$\mathit c$ ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit N}}$ interactions decaying with a lifetime of $10^{-4} - 10^{-8}~$s. See their Figs.$~$8 and 9. Similar limits are obtained for a stable particle with interaction cross section $10^{-29} - 10^{-33}$ cm${}^{2}$. See Fig.$~$10.
6  AKESSON 1991 limit is from weakly interacting neutral long-lived particles produced in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit N}}$ reaction at 450 GeV/$\mathit c$ performed at CERN$~$SPS. Bourquin-Gaillard formula is used as the production model. The above limit is for $\tau ~>~10^{-7}~$s. For $\tau ~>~10^{-9}~$s, $\sigma ~<~10^{-30}~$cm${}^{−2}$/nucleon is obtained.
7  BADIER 1986 looked for long-lived particles at 300 GeV ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ beam dump. The limit applies for nonstrongly interacting neutral or charged particles with mass $>$2 GeV. The limit applies for particle modes, ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ X, ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{\pm}}$ etc. See their figure 5 for the contours of limits in the mass-$\tau $ plane for each mode.
8  GUSTAFSON 1976 is a 300 GeV FNAL experiment looking for heavy ($\mathit m$ $>$2 GeV) long-lived neutral hadrons in the M4 neutral beam. The above typical value is for $\mathit m$ = 3 GeV and assumes an interaction cross section of 1 mb. Values as a function of mass and interaction cross section are given in figure 2.
References:
AAD 2016O
PL B760 520 Search for TeV-Scale Gravity Signatures in High-Mass Final States with Leptons and Jets with the ATLAS Detector at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV
AAD 2016R
PL B755 285 Combination of Searches for ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$, ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$, and ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit Z}}$ Resonances in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
LEES 2015E
PRL 114 171801 Search for Long-Lived Particles in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Collisions
ADAMS 1997B
PRL 79 4083 Search for Light Gluinos via the Spontaneous Appearance of ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ Pairs with an 800 ${\mathrm {GeV/}}\mathit c$ Proton Beam at Fermilab
GALLAS 1995
PR D52 6 Search for Neutral Weakly Interacting Massive Particles in the Fermilab Tevatron Wide Band Neutrino Beam
AKESSON 1991
ZPHY C52 219 A Search for Weakly Interacting Neutral Particles in Missing Energy Events on 450 ${\mathrm {GeV/}}\mathit c$ ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit N}}$ Collisions
BADIER 1986
ZPHY C31 21 Mass and Lifetime Limits on New Longlived Particles in 300 ${\mathrm {GeV/}}\mathit c$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ Interactions
GUSTAFSON 1976
PRL 37 474 Search for New Massive Longlived Neutral Particles