# Single ${{\boldsymbol t}}$-Quark Production Cross Section in ${{\boldsymbol p}}{{\overline{\boldsymbol p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV INSPIRE search

Direct probes of the ${{\mathit t}}{{\mathit b}}{{\mathit W}}$ coupling and possible new physics at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV. OUR AVERAGE assumes that the systematic uncertainties are uncorrelated.
VALUE (pb) CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
$3.53$ ${}^{+1.25}_{-1.16}$ 1
 2016
CDF ${{\mathit s}}$- + ${{\mathit t}}$-channels (0${{\mathit \ell}}+\not E_T$ + 2,3j (${}\geq{}1{{\mathit b}}$-tag))
$2.25$ ${}^{+0.29}_{-0.31}$ 2
 2015 H
TEVA t-channel
$3.30$ ${}^{+0.52}_{-0.40}$ 2, 3
 2015 H
TEVA s- + t-channels
$1.12$ ${}^{+0.61}_{-0.57}$ 4
 2014 K
CDF ${{\mathit s}}$-channel (0${{\mathit \ell}}+\not E_T$+2,3j (${}\geq{}1{{\mathit b}}$-tag))
$1.41$ ${}^{+0.44}_{-0.42}$ 5
 2014 L
CDF ${{\mathit s}}$-channel (${{\mathit \ell}}+\not E_T$+2j (${}\geq{}1{{\mathit b}}$-tag))
$1.29$ ${}^{+0.26}_{-0.24}$ 6
 2014 M
TEVA ${{\mathit s}}$-channel (CDF + D0)
$3.04$ ${}^{+0.57}_{-0.53}$ 7
 2014 O
CDF ${{\mathit s}}{+}$ ${{\mathit t}}{+}$ (${{\mathit \ell}}$ + $\not E_T$ + 2 or 3 jets (${}\geq{}1{{\mathit b}}$-tag))
$1.10$ ${}^{+0.33}_{-0.31}$ 8
 2013 O
D0 s-channel
$3.07$ ${}^{+0.54}_{-0.49}$ 8
 2013 O
D0 t-channel
$4.11$ ${}^{+0.60}_{-0.55}$ 8
 2013 O
D0 s- + t-channels
$0.98$ $\pm0.63$ 9
 2011 AA
D0 ${{\mathit s}}$-channel
$2.90$ $\pm0.59$ 9
 2011 AA
D0 ${{\mathit t}}$-channel
$3.43$ ${}^{+0.73}_{-0.74}$ 10
D0 ${{\mathit s}}$- + ${{\mathit t}}$-channels
$1.8$ ${}^{+0.7}_{-0.5}$ 11
 2010 AB
CDF ${\mathit {\mathit s}}$-channel
$0.8$ $\pm0.4$ 11
 2010 AB
CDF ${\mathit {\mathit t}}$-channel
$4.9$ ${}^{+2.5}_{-2.2}$ 12
 2010 U
CDF $\not E_T$ + jets decay
$3.14$ ${}^{+0.94}_{-0.80}$ 13
 2010
D0 ${\mathit {\mathit t}}$-channel
$1.05$ $\pm0.81$ 13
 2010
D0 ${\mathit {\mathit s}}$-channel
$<7.3$ 95 14
 2010 J
D0 ${{\mathit \tau}}$ + jets decay
$2.3$ ${}^{+0.6}_{-0.5}$ 15
 2009 AT
CDF ${{\mathit s}}$- + ${{\mathit t}}$-channel
$3.94$ $\pm0.88$ 16
 2009 Z
D0 ${{\mathit s}}$- + ${{\mathit t}}$-channel
$2.2$ ${}^{+0.7}_{-0.6}$ 17
 2008 AH
CDF ${{\mathit s}}$- + ${{\mathit t}}$-channel
$4.7$ $\pm1.3$ 18
 2008 I
D0 ${{\mathit s}}$- + ${{\mathit t}}$-channel
$4.9$ $\pm1.4$ 19
 2007 H
D0 ${{\mathit s}}$- + ${{\mathit t}}$-channel
$<6.4$ 95 20
 2005 P
D0 ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit t}}{{\mathit b}}{+}$ ${{\mathit X}}$
$<5.0$ 95 20
 2005 P
D0 ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit t}}{{\mathit q}}{{\mathit b}}{+}$ ${{\mathit X}}$
$<10.1$ 95 21
 2005 N
CDF ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit t}}{{\mathit q}}{{\mathit b}}{+}$ ${{\mathit X}}$
$<13.6$ 95 21
 2005 N
CDF ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit t}}{{\mathit b}}{+}$ ${{\mathit X}}$
$<17.8$ 95 21
 2005 N
CDF ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit t}}{{\mathit b}}{+}$ ${{\mathit X}}$ , ${{\mathit t}}{{\mathit q}}{{\mathit b}}{+}$ ${{\mathit X}}$
1  AALTONEN 2016 based on 9.5 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. This includes, as a part, the result of AALTONEN 2014K. Combination of this result with that of AALTONEN 2014O gives a ${{\mathit s}}{+}$ ${{\mathit t}}$ cross section of $3.02$ ${}^{+0.49}_{-0.48}$ pb and $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ $>$ 0.84 (95$\%$ CL).
2  AALTONEN 2015H based on 9.7 fb${}^{-1}$ of data per experiment. The result is for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 172.5 GeV, and is a combination of the CDF measurements (AALTONEN 2016 ) and the D0 measurements (ABAZOV 2013O) on the ${{\mathit t}}$-channel single ${{\mathit t}}$-quark production cross section. The result is consistent with the NLO+NNLL SM prediction and gives $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ = $1.02$ ${}^{+0.06}_{-0.05}$ and $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ $>$ 0.92 (95$\%$ CL).
3  AALTONEN 2015H is a combined measurement of ${{\mathit s}}$-channel single top cross section by CDF + D0. AALTONEN 2014M is not included.
4  Based on 9.45 fb${}^{-1}$ of data, using neural networks to separate signal from backgrounds. The result is for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 172.5 GeV. Combination of this result with the CDF measurement in the 1 lepton channel AALTONEN 2014L gives $1.36$ ${}^{+0.37}_{-0.32}$ pb, consistent with the SM prediction, and is 4.2 sigma away from the background only hypothesis.
5  Based on 9.4 fb${}^{-1}$ of data, using neural networks to separate signal from backgrounds. The result is for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 172.5 GeV. The result is 3.8 sigma away from the background only hypothesis.
6  Based on 9.7 fb${}^{-1}$ of data per experiment. The result is for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 172.5 GeV, and is a combination of the CDF measurements AALTONEN 2014L, AALTONEN 2014K and the D0 measurement ABAZOV 2013O on the ${{\mathit s}}$-channel single ${{\mathit t}}$-quark production cross section. The result is consistent with the SM prediction of $1.05$ $\pm0.06$ pb and the significance of the observation is of 6.3 standard deviations.
7  Based on 7.5 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. Neural network is used to discriminate signals (${{\mathit s}}$-, ${{\mathit t}}$- and ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit t}}$-channel single top production) from backgrounds. The result is consistent with the SM prediction, and gives $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ = $0.95$ $\pm0.09$(stat + syst)$\pm0.05$(theory) and $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ $>$ 0.78 (95$\%$ CL). The result is for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 172.5 GeV.
8  Based on 9.7 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. Events with ${{\mathit \ell}}$ + $\not E_T$ + 2 or 3 jets (1 or 2 ${{\mathit b}}$-tag) are analysed, assuming ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 172.5 GeV. The combined s- + t-channel cross section gives $\vert V_{tb}{{\mathit f}_{{1}}^{L}}\vert$ = $1.12$ ${}^{+0.09}_{-0.08}$, or $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ $>$ 0.92 at 95$\%$ CL for ${{\mathit f}_{{1}}^{L}}$ = 1 and a flat prior within 0${}\leq{}$ $\vert V_{tb}\vert ^2$ ${}\leq{}$ 1.
9  Based on 5.4 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. The error is statistical + systematic combined. The results are for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 172.5 GeV. Results for other ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ values are given in Table 2 of ABAZOV 2011AA.
10  Based on 5.4 fb${}^{-1}$ of data and for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 172.5 GeV. The error is statistical + systematic combined. Results for other ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ values are given in Table III of ABAZOV 2011AD. The result is obtained by assuming the SM ratio between ${{\mathit t}}{{\mathit b}}$ (${{\mathit s}}$-channel) and ${{\mathit t}}{{\mathit q}}{{\mathit b}}$ (${{\mathit t}}$-channel) productions, and gives $\vert V_{tb}{{\mathit f}_{{1}}^{L}}\vert$ = $1.02$ ${}^{+0.10}_{-0.11}$, or $\vert V_{tb}\vert$ $>$ 0.79 at 95$\%$ CL for a flat prior within 0 $<$ $\vert V_{tb}\vert ^2$ $<$ 1.
11  Based on 3.2 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. For combined ${{\mathit s}}$- + ${{\mathit t}}$-channel result see AALTONEN 2009AT.
12  Result is based on 2.1 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. Events with large missing $\mathit E_{T}$ and jets with at least one ${{\mathit b}}$-jet without identified electron or muon are selected. Result is obtained when observed 2.1 $\sigma$ excess over the background originates from the signal for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 175 GeV, giving $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ = $1.24$ ${}^{+0.34}_{-0.29}$ $\pm0.07$(theory).
13  Result is based on 2.3 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. Events with isolated ${{\mathit \ell}}$ + $\not E_T$ + 2 , 3, 4 jets with one or two ${{\mathit b}}$-tags are selected. The analysis assumes ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 170 GeV.
14  Result is based on 4.8 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. Events with an isolated reconstructed tau lepton, missing $\mathit E_{T}$ + 2, 3 jets with one or two ${\mathit {\mathit b}}$-tags are selected. When combined with ABAZOV 2009Z result for ${{\mathit e}}{+}$ ${{\mathit \mu}}$ channels, the $\mathit s$- and $\mathit t$-channels combined cross section is $3.84$ ${}^{+0.89}_{-0.83}$ pb.
15  Based on 3.2 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. Events with isolated ${{\mathit \ell}}$ + $\not E_T$ + jets with at least one ${{\mathit b}}$-tag are analyzed and ${{\mathit s}}$- and ${{\mathit t}}$-channel single top events are selected by using the likelihood function, matrix element, neural-network, boosted decision tree, likelihood function optimized for ${{\mathit s}}$-channel process, and neural-networked based analysis of events with $\not E_T$ that has sensitivity for ${{\mathit W}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ decays. The result is for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 175 GeV, and the mean value decreases by 0.02 pb/GeV for smaller ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$. The signal has 5.0 sigma significance. The result gives $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ = $0.91$ $\pm0.11$ (stat+syst)$\pm0.07$ (theory), or $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ $>$ 0.71 at 95$\%$ CL.
16  Based on 2.3 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. Events with isolated ${{\mathit \ell}}$ + $\not E_T$ +${}\geq{}$2 jets with 1 or 2 ${{\mathit b}}$-tags are analyzed and ${{\mathit s}}$- and ${{\mathit t}}$-channel single top events are selected by using boosted decision tree, Bayesian neural networks and the matrix element method. The signal has 5.0 sigma significance. The result gives $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ = $1.07$ $\pm0.12$ , or $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ $>$ 0.78 at 95$\%$ CL. The analysis assumes ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 170 GeV.
17  Result is based on 2.2 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. Events with isolated ${{\mathit \ell}}$ + $\not E_T$ + 2, 3 jets with at least one ${{\mathit b}}$-tag are selected, and ${{\mathit s}}$- and ${{\mathit t}}$-channel single top events are selected by using likelihood, matrix element, and neural network discriminants. The result can be interpreted as $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ = $0.88$ ${}^{+0.13}_{-0.12}$(stat + syst)$\pm0.07$(theory), and $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ $>$ 0.66 (95$\%$ CL) under the $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ $<$ 1 constraint.
18  Result is based on 0.9 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. Events with isolated ${{\mathit \ell}}$ + $\not E_T$ + 2, 3, 4 jets with one or two ${{\mathit b}}$-vertex-tag are selected, and contributions from ${{\mathit W}}$ + jets, ${{\mathit t}}{{\overline{\mathit t}}}$ , ${{\mathit s}}$- and ${{\mathit t}}$-channel single top events are identified by using boosted decision trees, Bayesian neural networks, and matrix element analysis. The result can be interpreted as the measurement of the CKM matrix element $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ = $1.31$ ${}^{+0.25}_{-0.21}$, or $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ $>$ 0.68 (95$\%$ CL) under the $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ $<$ 1 constraint.
19  Result is based on 0.9 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. This result constrains $\mathit V_{\mathit tb}$ to 0.68 $<$ $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ ${}\leq{}$ 1 at 95$\%$ CL.
20  ABAZOV 2005P bounds single top-quark production from either the ${{\mathit s}}$-channel ${{\mathit W}}$-exchange process, ${{\mathit q}^{\,'}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit t}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ , or the ${{\mathit t}}$-channel ${{\mathit W}}$-exchange process, ${{\mathit q}^{\,'}}$ ${{\mathit g}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\mathit t}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ , based on $\sim{}230~$pb${}^{-1}$ of data.
21  ACOSTA 2005N bounds single top-quark production from the ${{\mathit t}}$-channel ${{\mathit W}}$-exchange process ( ${{\mathit q}^{\,'}}$ ${{\mathit g}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\mathit t}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ ), the ${{\mathit s}}$-channel ${{\mathit W}}$-exchange process ( ${{\mathit q}^{\,'}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit t}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$ ), and from the combined cross section of ${{\mathit t}}$- and ${{\mathit s}}$-channel. Based on $\sim{}$ 162 pb${}^{-1}$ of data.
References:
 AALTONEN 2016
PR D93 032011 Updated Measurement of the Single Top Quark Production Cross Section and $\vert \mathit V_{tb}\vert$ in the Missing Transverse Energy Plus Jets Topology in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV
 AALTONEN 2015H
PRL 115 152003 Tevatron Combination of Single-Top-Quark Cross Sections and Determination of the Magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix Element V$_{tb}$
 AALTONEN 2014O
PRL 113 261804 Measurement of the Single Top Quark Production Cross Section and $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ in Events with One Charged Lepton, Large Missing Transverse Energy, and Jets at CDF
 AALTONEN 2014L
PRL 112 231804 Evidence for $\mathit s$-channel Single-Top-Quark Production in Events with one Charged Lepton and two Jets at CDF
 AALTONEN 2014K
PRL 112 231805 Search for $\mathit s$-Channel Single-Top-Quark Production in Events with Missing Energy Plus Jets in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV
 AALTONEN 2014M
PRL 112 231803 Observation of $\mathit s$-channel Production of Single Top Quarks at the Tevatron
 ABAZOV 2013O
PL B726 656 Evidence for $\mathit s$-Channel Single Top Quark Production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV
 ABAZOV 2011AA
PL B705 313 Model-Independent Measurement of $\mathit t$-channel Single Top Quark Production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV
PR D84 112001 Measurements of Single Top Quark Production Cross Sections and $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV
 AALTONEN 2010U
PR D81 072003 Search for Single top Quark Production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV in the Missing Transverse Energy Plus Jets Topology
 AALTONEN 2010AB
PR D82 112005 Observation of Single top Quark Production and Measurement of $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$ with CDF
 ABAZOV 2010J
PL B690 5 Search for Single Top Quarks in the tau + jets Channel using 4.8 ${\mathrm {fb}}{}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collision Data
 ABAZOV 2010
PL B682 363 Measurement of the $\mathit t$-Channel Single Top Quark Production Cross Section
 AALTONEN 2009AT
PRL 103 092002 Observation of Electroweak Single Top-Quark Production
 ABAZOV 2009Z
PRL 103 092001 Observation of Single Top Quark Production
 AALTONEN 2008AH
PRL 101 252001 Measurement of the Single Top Quark Production Cross Section at CDF
 ABAZOV 2008I
PR D78 012005 Evidence for Production of Single Top Quarks
 ABAZOV 2007H
PRL 98 181802 Evidence for Production of Single Top Quarks and First Direct Measurement of $\vert \mathit V_{\mathit tb}\vert$
 ABAZOV 2005P
PL B622 265 Search for Single top Quark Production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Source Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV
 ACOSTA 2005N
PR D71 012005 Search for Electroweak single-top-quark Production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV