# Quark Production Cross Section $-$ Accelerator Searches INSPIRE search

X-SECT (cm${}^{2}$) CHG ${\mathrm {(\mathit e/3)}}$ MASS ${\mathrm {(GeV)}}$ ENERGY ${\mathrm {(GeV)}}$ BEAM EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN
$\text{<1.7-2.3E-39}$ $\pm2$ $100 - 600$ $7000$ ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ 0 1
 2013 AR
CMS
$\text{<14-5.4E-39}$ $\pm1$ $100 - 600$ $7000$ ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ 0 1
 2013 AR
CMS
$\text{<1.3E-36}$ $\pm2$ $45 - 84$ $\text{130 - 172}$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ 0
 1997 D
DLPH
$\text{<2.E-35}$ $+2$ $250$ $1800$ ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ 0 2
 1992 J
CDF
$\text{<1.E-35}$ $+4$ $250$ $1800$ ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ 0 2
 1992 J
CDF
$\text{<3.8E-28}$ $14.5$ ${}^{28}\mathrm {Si}-$Pb 0 3
 1991
PLAS
$\text{<3.2E-28}$ $14.5$ ${}^{28}\mathrm {Si}-$Cu 0 3
 1991
PLAS
$\text{<1.E-40}$ $\pm1$,2 $<10$ ${{\mathit p}},{{\mathit \nu}},{{\overline{\mathit \nu}}}$ 0
 1984 B
CHRM
$\text{<1.E-36}$ $\pm1$,2 $<9$ $200$ ${{\mathit \mu}}$ 0
 1983 C
SPEC
$\text{<2.E-10}$ $\pm2$,4 1$-$3 $200$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0 4
 1980
CNTR
$\text{<5.E-38}$ $+1$,2 $>5$ $300$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0 5, 6
 1979
CNTR
$\text{<1.E-33}$ $\pm1$ $<20$ $52$ ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ 0
 1978
SPEC
$\text{<9.E-39}$ $\pm1$,2 $<6$ $400$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0 5
 1977
SPEC
$\text{<8.E-35}$ $+1$,2 $<20$ $52$ ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ 0 7
 1975
CNTR
$\text{<5.E-38}$ $-1$,2 4$-$9 $200$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0
 1974
CNTR
$\text{<1.E-32}$ $+2$,4 4$-$24 $52$ ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ 0
 1973
SPEC
$\text{<5.E-31}$ $+1$,2,4 $<12$ $300$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0
 1973
CNTR
$\text{<6.E-34}$ $\pm1$,2 $<13$ $52$ ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ 0
 1972
CNTR
$\text{<1.E-36}$ $-4$ $4$ $70$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0
 1971
CNTR
$\text{<1.E-35}$ $\pm1$,2 $2$ $28$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0 8
 1969 B
CNTR
$\text{<4.E-37}$ $-2$ $<5$ $70$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0 4
 1969
CNTR
$\text{<3.E-37}$ $-1$,2 2$-$5 $70$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0 8
 1969 B
CNTR
$\text{<1.E-35}$ $+1$,2 $<7$ $30$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0
 1965
CNTR
$\text{<2.E-35}$ $-2$ $<2.5-$5 $30$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0 9
 1965 B
CNTR
$\text{<5.E-35}$ $+1$,2 $<2.2$ $21$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0
 1964
HLBC
$\text{<1.E-32}$ $+1$,2 $<4.0$ $28$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0
 1964
HBC
$\text{<1.E-35}$ $+1$,2 $<2.5$ $31$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0 9
 1964
HBC
$\text{<1.E-34}$ $+1$ $<2$ $28$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0
 1964
CNTR
$\text{<1.E-33}$ $+1$,2 $<2.4$ $24$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 0
 1964
HBC
1  CHATRCHYAN 2013AR limits assume pair-produced long-lived spin-1/2 particles neutral under SU(3)$_{C}$ and SU(2)$_{L}$.
2  ABE 1992J flux limits decrease as the mass increases from 50 to 500 GeV.
3  HE 1991 limits are for charges of the form $\mathit N\pm1$/3 from 23/3 to 38/3.
5  Cross section cm${}^{2}$/GeV${}^{2}$.
6  $3 \times 10^{-5}$ $<$lifetime $<1 \times 10^{-3}$ s.
7  Includes BOTT 1972 results.
8  Assumes isotropic cm production.
9  Cross section inferred from flux.
References:
 CHATRCHYAN 2013AR
PR D87 092008 Search for Fractionally Charged Particles in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV
 ABREU 1997D
PL B396 315 Search for Stable Heavy Charged Particles in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 130-136, 161 and 172 GeV
 ABE 1992J
PR D46 1889 Limits on the Production of Massive Stable Charged Particles
 HE 1991
PR C44 1672 Search for Fractional Charge States in High Energy Heavy Fragments Produced in Collisions at 14.5 A GeV ${}^{28}\mathrm {Si}$ with ${}^{}\mathrm {Pb}$ and ${}^{}\mathrm {Cu}$ Target
 BERGSMA 1984B
ZPHY C24 217 Experimental Limits on the Production of Fractionally Charged Particles in Proton Nucleus and Neutrino Nucleus Collisions
 AUBERT 1983C
PL 133B 461 A Search for Free Quarks in Deep Inelastic Muon Scattering
 BUSSIERE 1980
NP B174 1 Particle Production and Search for Longlived Particles in 200 to 240 ${\mathrm {GeV/}}\mathit c$ Proton Nucleon Collisions
 STEVENSON 1979
PR D20 82 A Search for Massive, Longlived, Fractionally Charged Particles Produced by 300 GeV Protons
 BASILE 1978
NC 45A 171 Search for Quarks in Proton Proton Interactions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 52.5 GeV
 ANTREASYAN 1977
PRL 39 513 Search for Quarks Produced with Large Transverse Momentum in 400 GeV Proton Nucleus Collisions
 FABJAN 1975
NP B101 349 A Search for Fractionally Charged Particles at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings
 NASH 1974
PRL 32 858 A Search for Fractionally Charged Quarks Produced by 200 and 300 GeV Proton Nuclear Interactions
 ALPER 1973
PL 46B 265 Large Angle Production of Stable Particles Heavier than the Proton and a Search for Quarks at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings
 LEIPUNER 1973
PRL 31 1226 Search for Quarks and Heavy Stable Particles Produced at 300 GeV
 BOTT 1972
PL 40B 693 Search for Quarks at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings
 ANTIPOV 1971
NP B29 374 Search for Particles with Charge -4/3 (Diquarks) at the IHEP 70 GeV Accelerator
 ALLABY 1969B
NC 64A 75 Search for Fractionally Charged Particles using the CERN Proton Synchrotron
 ANTIPOV 1969B
PL 30B 576 Further Search for Quarks at the 70 GeV IHEP Accelerator
 ANTIPOV 1969
PL 29B 245 Search for the Particles with Fractional Charges (Quarks) at IHEP 70 GeV Accelerator
 DORFAN 1965
PRL 14 999 Search for Massive Particle
 FRANZINI 1965B
PRL 14 196 Search for Massive Particles Produced in Interactions at 30 BeV
 BINGHAM 1964
PL 9 201 An Unsuccessful Search for Fractionally Charged Particles with Mass $\approx{}$ 2.2 GeV
 BLUM 1964
PRL 13 353A Search for Fractionally Charged Particles Produced by 27.5 ${\mathrm {GeV/}}\mathit c$ Protons
 HAGOPIAN 1964
PRL 13 280 Further Search for Fractionally Charged Particles
 LEIPUNER 1964
PRL 12 423 Particles with a Charge of ${1\over 3}$e
 MORRISON 1964
PL 9 199 Experimental Limit on the Production by 24 GeV Protons of LongLived Particles with Fractional Electric Charge