# Limits for ${{\boldsymbol Z}}{}^{′}_{{\mathrm {SM}}}$ INSPIRE search

${{\mathit Z}}{}^{′}_{{\mathrm {SM}}}$ is assumed to have couplings with quarks and leptons which are identical to those of ${{\mathit Z}}$, and decays only to known fermions. The most recent preliminary results can be found in the ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$-boson searches'' review above.
VALUE (GeV) CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
$> 2420$ 95 1
 2018 G
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$
$\bf{> 4500}$ 95 2
 2017 AT
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$
$> 2100$ 95 3
 2017 H
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$
$> 3370$ 95 4
 2017 T
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$
$\text{none 600 - 2100, 2300 - 2600}$ 95 5
 2017 W
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$
$> 3360$ 95 6
 2016 U
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$
$>2900$ 95 7
 2015 AE
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$
$\text{none 1200 - 1700}$ 95 8
 2015 V
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$
$> 2900$ 95 9
 2014 V
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
$>1900$ 95 10
 2016 AA
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$
$>2020$ 95 11
 2015 AM
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$
$> 1400$ 95 12
 2013 S
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$
$> 1470$ 95 13
 2013 A
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$
$> 2590$ 95 14
 2013 AF
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$
$> 2220$ 95 15
 2012 CC
ATLS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$
$>1400$ 95 16
 2012 O
CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$
$> 1071$ 95 17
 2011 I
CDF ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$
$> 1023$ 95 18
 2011 A
D0 ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ , ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
$\text{none 247 - 544}$ 95 19
 2010 N
CDF ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$
$\text{none 320 - 740}$ 95 20
 2009 AC
CDF ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$
$> 963$ 95 18
 2009 T
CDF ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ , ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
$> 1403$ 95 21
 2009
RVUE Electroweak
$> 1305$ 95 22
 2006 C
DLPH ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
$> 399$ 95 23
 2005 R
CDF ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}{{\mathit p}}$ : ${{\mathit Z}_{{SM}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$
$\text{none 400 - 640}$ 95
 2004 C
D0 ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ : ${{\mathit Z}}{}^{′}_{{\mathrm {SM}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$
$>1018$ 95 24
 2004 G
OPAL ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
$>670$ 95 25
 2001 B
D0 ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ , ${{\mathit Z}}{}^{′}_{{\mathrm {SM}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
$>1500$ 95 26
 2001 B
RVUE Electroweak
$>710$ 95 27
 2000 S
DLPH ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
$>898$ 95 28
 2000 I
ALEP ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
$>809$ 95 29
 1999
RVUE Electroweak
$>690$ 95 30
 1997 S
CDF ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}}{}^{′}_{{\mathrm {SM}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$
$>398$ 95 31
 1994 B
CHM2 ${{\mathit \nu}_{{\mu}}}$ ${{\mathit e}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \nu}_{{\mu}}}{{\mathit e}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit \nu}}_{{\mu}}}$ ${{\mathit e}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\overline{\mathit \nu}}_{{\mu}}}{{\mathit e}}$
$>237$ 90 32
 1993
UA2 ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}}{}^{′}_{{\mathrm {SM}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$
$\text{none 260 - 600}$ 95 33
 1993
RVUE ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}}{}^{′}_{{\mathrm {SM}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$
$>426$ 90 34
 1990 F
VNS ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
1  AABOUD 2018G search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV.
2  AABOUD 2017AT search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV.
3  KHACHATRYAN 2017H search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV.
4  KHACHATRYAN 2017T search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8, 13 TeV.
5  KHACHATRYAN 2017W search for resonances decaying to dijets in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV.
6  AABOUD 2016U search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV.
7  KHACHATRYAN 2015AE search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV.
8  KHACHATRYAN 2015V search for resonances decaying to dijets in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV.
9  AAD 2014V search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV.
10  AABOUD 2016AA search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV.
11  AAD 2015AM search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV.
12  AAD 2013S search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV.
13  CHATRCHYAN 2013A use ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$=7 TeV.
14  CHATRCHYAN 2013AF search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV and 8 TeV.
15  AAD 2012CC search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV.
16  CHATRCHYAN 2012O search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV.
17  AALTONEN 2011I search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV.
18  ABAZOV 2011A, AALTONEN 2009T, AALTONEN 2007H, and ABULENCIA 2006L search for resonances decaying to ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96$~$TeV.
19  The quoted limit assumes $\mathit g_{ {{\mathit W}} {{\mathit W}} {{\mathit Z}^{\,'}} }/\mathit g_{ {{\mathit W}} {{\mathit W}} {{\mathit Z}} }$ = ($\mathit M_{{{\mathit W}}}/\mathit M_{{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}}){}^{2}$. See their Fig.$~$4 for limits in mass-coupling plane.
20  AALTONEN 2009AC search for new particle decaying to dijets.
21  ERLER 2009 give 95$\%$ CL limit on the ${{\mathit Z}}-{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ mixing $-0.0026<\theta <$ 0.0006.
22  ABDALLAH 2006C use data $\sqrt {s }$ = $130 - 207$ GeV.
23  ACOSTA 2005R search for resonances decaying to tau lepton pairs in ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV.
24  ABBIENDI 2004G give 95$\%$ CL limit on ${{\mathit Z}}-{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ mixing $−$0.00422 $<\theta <$0.00091. $\sqrt {s }$ = 91 to 207$~$GeV.
25  ABAZOV 2001B search for resonances in ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ at $\sqrt {\mathit s }$=1.8 TeV. They find $\sigma \cdot{}$B( ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit e}}$ )$<0.06~$pb for $\mathit M_{{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}}>500$ GeV.
26  CHEUNG 2001B limit is derived from bounds on contact interactions in a global electroweak analysis.
27  ABREU 2000S uses LEP data at $\sqrt {\mathit s }$=90 to 189 GeV.
28  BARATE 2000I search for deviations in cross section and asymmetries in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ fermions at $\sqrt {\mathit s }$=90 to 183 GeV. Assume $\theta$=0. Bounds in the mass-mixing plane are shown in their Figure$~$18.
29  ERLER 1999 give 90$\%$CL limit on the ${{\mathit Z}}-{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ mixing $-0.0041<\theta <0.0003$. $\rho _{0}$=1 is assumed.
30  ABE 1997S find $\sigma\mathrm {({{\mathit Z}^{\,'}})}{\times }$B( ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ )$<40~$fb for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}}>600$ GeV at $\sqrt {\mathit s }$= 1.8 TeV.
31  VILAIN 1994B assume ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 150 GeV.
32  ALITTI 1993 search for resonances in the two-jet invariant mass. The limit assumes B( ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ )=$0.7$. See their Fig.$~$5 for limits in the ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}}−$B( ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ ) plane.
33  RIZZO 1993 analyses CDF limit on possible two-jet resonances.
34  ABE 1990F use data for $\mathit R$, $\mathit R_{ {{\mathit \ell}} {{\mathit \ell}} }$, and $\mathit A_{ {{\mathit \ell}} {{\mathit \ell}} }$. They fix ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit W}}}$ = $80.49$ $\pm0.43$ $\pm0.24$ GeV and ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit Z}}}$ = $91.13$ $\pm0.03$ GeV.
References:
 AABOUD 2018G
JHEP 1801 055 Search for Additional Heavy Neutral Higgs and Gauge Bosons in the ditau Final State Produced in 36 ${\mathrm {fb}}{}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
 AABOUD 2017AT
JHEP 1710 182 Search for New High-Mass Phenomena in the Dilepton Final State using 36 ${\mathrm {fb}}{}^{-1}$ of Proton-Proton Collision Data at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
 KHACHATRYAN 2017T
PL B768 57 Search for Narrow Resonances in Dilepton Mass Spectra in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV and Combination with 8 TeV Data
 KHACHATRYAN 2017H
JHEP 1702 048 Search for Heavy Resonances Decaying to Tau Lepton Pairs in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV
 KHACHATRYAN 2017W
PL B769 520 Search for Dijet Resonances in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV and Constraints on Dark Matter and other Models
 AABOUD 2016AA
EPJ C76 585 Search for Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model Higgs Bosons $\mathit H/\mathit A$ and for a ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ Boson in the ${{\mathit \tau}}{{\mathit \tau}}$ Final State Produced in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
 AABOUD 2016U
PL B761 372 Search for High-Mass New Phenomena in the Dilepton Final State using Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
JHEP 1507 157 A Search for High-Mass Resonances Decaying to ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
 KHACHATRYAN 2015AE
JHEP 1504 025 Search for Physics Beyond the Standard Model in Dilepton Mass Spectra in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV
 KHACHATRYAN 2015V
PR D91 052009 Search for Resonances and Quantum Black Holes using Dijet Mass Spectra in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV
PR D90 052005 Search for High-Mass Dilepton Resonances in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
PL B719 242 A Search for High-Mass Resonances Decaying to ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
 CHATRCHYAN 2013A
JHEP 1301 013 Search for Narrow Resonances and Quantum Black Holes in Inclusive and ${\mathit {\mathit b}}$-Tagged Dijet Mass Spectra from ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV
 CHATRCHYAN 2013AF
PL B720 63 Search for Heavy Narrow Dilepton Resonances in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV and $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV
JHEP 1211 138 Search for High-Mass Resonances Decaying to Dilepton Final States in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
 CHATRCHYAN 2012O
PL B716 82 Search for High Mass Resonances Decaying into ${{\mathit \tau}}$-Lepton Pairs in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV
 AALTONEN 2011I
PRL 106 121801 Search for High Mass Resonances Decaying to Muon Pairs in $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions
 ABAZOV 2011A
PL B695 88 Search for a Heavy Neutral Gauge Boson in the Dielectron Channel with 5.4 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96$~$TeV
 AALTONEN 2010N
PRL 104 241801 Search for ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ and ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ Resonances Decaying to Electron, Missing $\mathit E_{T}$, and Two Jets in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV
 AALTONEN 2009T
PRL 102 031801 Search for High-Mass ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Resonances in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96$~$TeV
 AALTONEN 2009AC
PR D79 112002 Search for New Particles Decaying into Dijets in Proton-Antiproton Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96$~$TeV
 ERLER 2009
JHEP 0908 017 Improved Constraints on ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ Bosons from Electroweak Precision Data
 ABDALLAH 2006C
EPJ C45 589 Measurement and Interpretation of Fermion-Pair Production at LEP Energies above the ${{\mathit Z}}$ Resonance
 ACOSTA 2005R
PRL 95 131801 Search for New Physics Using High-Mass Tau Pairs from 1.96 TeV ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions
 ABAZOV 2004C
PR D69 111101 Search for New Particles in the Two Jet Decay Channel with the ${D0}$ Detector
 ABBIENDI 2004G
EPJ C33 173 Tests of the Standard Model and Constraints on New Physics from Measurements of Fermion Pair Production at 189 to 209 GeV at LEP
 ABAZOV 2001B
PRL 87 061802 Search for Heavy Particles Decaying into Electron-Positron Pairs in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions
 CHEUNG 2001B
PL B517 167 Constraints on Electron Quark Contact Interactions and Implications to Models of Leptoquarks and Extra ${{\mathit Z}}$ Bosons
 ABREU 2000S
PL B485 45 Measurement and Interpretation of Fermion-Pair Production at LEP Energies of 183 and 189 GeV
 BARATE 2000I
EPJ C12 183 Study of Fermion Pair Production in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Collisions at $130 - 183$ GeV
 ERLER 1999
PL B456 68 Constraints on Extended Neutral Gauge Structures
 ABE 1997S
PRL 79 2192 Search for New Gauge Bosons Decaying into Dileptons in ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.8 TeV
 VILAIN 1994B
PL B332 465 Constraints on Additional ${{\mathit Z}}$ Bosons Derived from Neutrino Electron Scattering Measurements
 ALITTI 1993
NP B400 3 A Search for New Intermediate Vector Bosons and Exited Quarks Decaying to Two Jets at CERN ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collider
 RIZZO 1993
PR D48 4470 Constraints on New Physics from Fermilab Tevatron Dijet Data
 ABE 1990F
PL B246 297 Experimental Limits on Extra ${{\mathit Z}}$ Bosons from ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Annihilation Data with the VENUS Detector at $\sqrt {s }$ = 50-64 GeV
 ABULENCIA 2006L
PRL 96 211801 Search for ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ using Dielectron Mass and Angular Distribution
 AALTONEN 2007H
PRL 99 171802 Search for New Physics in High-Mass Electron-Positron Events in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV