${{\mathit Z}}_{\mathit LR}$ is the extra neutral boson in left-right symmetric models. ${{\mathit g}_{{L}}}$ = ${{\mathit g}_{{R}}}$ is assumed unless noted. Values in parentheses assume stronger constraint on the Higgs sector, usually motivated by specific left-right symmetric models (see the Note on the ${{\mathit W}^{\,'}}$). Values in brackets are from cosmological and astrophysical considerations and assume a light right-handed neutrino. Direct search bounds assume decays to Standard Model fermions only, unless noted.

VALUE (GeV) CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT $\bf{> 1162}$ 95 1 DEL-AGUILA 2010 RVUE Electroweak $\bf{>630}$ 95 2 ABE 1997 S CDF ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}}{}^{'}_{\mathit LR}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • 3 BOBOVNIKOV 2018 RVUE ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ , ${{\mathit Z}_{{LR}}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ $> 998$ 95 4 ERLER 2009 RVUE Electroweak $> 600$ 95 SCHAEL 2007 A ALEP ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $> 455$ 95 5 ABDALLAH 2006 C DLPH ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $>518$ 95 6 ABBIENDI 2004 G OPAL ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $>860$ 95 7 CHEUNG 2001 B RVUE Electroweak $>380$ 95 8 ABREU 2000 S DLPH ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $>436$ 95 9 BARATE 2000 I ALEP Repl. by SCHAEL 2007A $>550$ 95 10 CHAY 2000 RVUE Electroweak 11 ERLER 2000 RVUE ${}^{}\mathrm {Cs}$ 12 CASALBUONI 1999 RVUE ${}^{}\mathrm {Cs}$ $\text{(>1205)}$ 90 13 CZAKON 1999 RVUE Electroweak $>564$ 95 14 ERLER 1999 RVUE Electroweak $\text{(>1673)}$ 95 15 ERLER 1999 RVUE Electroweak $\text{(>1700)}$ 68 16 BARENBOIM 1998 RVUE Electroweak $>244$ 95 17 CONRAD 1998 RVUE ${{\mathit \nu}_{{\mu}}}{{\mathit N}}$ scattering $>253$ 95 18 VILAIN 1994 B CHM2 ${{\mathit \nu}_{{\mu}}}$ ${{\mathit e}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \nu}_{{\mu}}}{{\mathit e}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit \nu}}_{{\mu}}}$ ${{\mathit e}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\overline{\mathit \nu}}_{{\mu}}}{{\mathit e}}$ $\text{none 200 - 600}$ 95 19 RIZZO 1993 RVUE ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ ; ${{\mathit Z}}_{\mathit LR}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ $\text{[> 2000]}$ WALKER 1991 COSM Nucleosynthesis; light ${{\mathit \nu}_{{R}}}$ $\text{none 200 - 500}$ 20 GRIFOLS 1990 ASTR SN 1987A; light ${{\mathit \nu}_{{R}}}$ $\text{none 350 - 2400}$ 21 BARBIERI 1989 B ASTR SN 1987A; light ${{\mathit \nu}_{{R}}}$ 1  DEL-AGUILA 2010 give 95$\%$ CL limit on the ${{\mathit Z}}-{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ mixing $-0.0012<\theta <$ 0.0004. 2  ABE 1997S find $\sigma\mathrm {({{\mathit Z}^{\,'}})}{\times }$B( ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ )$<40~$fb for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}}>600$ GeV at $\sqrt {\mathit s }$= 1.8 TeV. 3  BOBOVNIKOV 2018 use the ATLAS limits on $\sigma $( ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ )$\cdot{}$B( ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ ) to constrain the ${{\mathit Z}}-{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ mixing parameter $\xi $. See their Fig. 10 for limits in $\mathit M_{{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}}−\xi $ plane. 4  ERLER 2009 give 95$\%$ CL limit on the ${{\mathit Z}}-{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ mixing $-0.0013<\theta <$ 0.0006. 5  ABDALLAH 2006C give 95$\%$ CL limit $\vert \theta \vert <$ 0.0028. See their Fig. 14 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane. 6  ABBIENDI 2004G give 95$\%$ CL limit on ${{\mathit Z}}-{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ mixing $−$0.00098 $<\theta <$ 0.00190. See their Fig. 20 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. $\sqrt {s }$ = 91 to 207$~$GeV. 7  CHEUNG 2001B limit is derived from bounds on contact interactions in a global electroweak analysis. 8  ABREU 2000S give 95$\%$ CL limit on ${{\mathit Z}}-{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ mixing $\vert \theta \vert <0.0018$. See their Fig.$~$6 for the limit contour in the mass-mixing plane. $\sqrt {\mathit s }$=90 to 189 GeV. 9  BARATE 2000I search for deviations in cross section and asymmetries in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ fermions at $\sqrt {\mathit s }$=90 to 183 GeV. Assume $\theta $=0. Bounds in the mass-mixing plane are shown in their Figure$~$18. 10  CHAY 2000 also find $-0.0003<\theta <0.0019$. For ${{\mathit g}_{{R}}}$ free, ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}}>430$ GeV. 11  ERLER 2000 discuss the possibility that a discrepancy between the observed and predicted values of ${{\mathit Q}_{{W}}}({}^{}\mathrm {Cs}$) is due to the exchange of ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$. The data are better described in a certain class of the ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ models including ${{\mathit Z}}_{\mathit LR}$ and ${{\mathit Z}_{{\chi}}}$. 12  CASALBUONI 1999 discuss the discrepancy between the observed and predicted values of ${{\mathit Q}_{{W}}}({}^{}\mathrm {Cs}$). It is shown that the data are better described in a class of models including the ${{\mathit Z}}_{\mathit LR}$ model. 13  CZAKON 1999 perform a simultaneous fit to charged and neutral sectors. Assumes manifest left-right symmetric model. Finds $\vert \theta \vert <0.0042$. 14  ERLER 1999 give 90$\%$ CL limit on the ${{\mathit Z}}-{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ mixing $-0.0009<\theta <0.0017$. 15  ERLER 1999 assumes 2 Higgs doublets, transforming as 10 of SO(10), embedded in $\mathit E_{6}$. 16  BARENBOIM 1998 also gives 68$\%$ CL limits on the ${{\mathit Z}}-{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ mixing $-0.0005<\theta <0.0033$. Assumes Higgs sector of minimal left-right model. 17  CONRAD 1998 limit is from measurements at CCFR, assuming no ${{\mathit Z}}-{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ mixing. 18  VILAIN 1994B assume ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 150 GeV and $\theta $=0. See Fig.$~$2 for limit contours in the mass-mixing plane. 19  RIZZO 1993 analyses CDF limit on possible two-jet resonances. 20  GRIFOLS 1990 limit holds for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit \nu}_{{R}}}}{ {}\lesssim{} }~$1 MeV. A specific Higgs sector is assumed. See also GRIFOLS 1990D, RIZZO 1991 . 21  BARBIERI 1989B limit holds for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit \nu}_{{R}}}}{}\leq{}$10 MeV. Bounds depend on assumed supernova core temperature.

References:

BOBOVNIKOV 2018 PR D98 095029 Improved constraints on the mixing and mass of $Z'$ bosons from resonant diboson searches at the LHC at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and predictions for Run II DEL-AGUILA 2010 JHEP 1009 033 Electroweak Limits on General New Vector Bosons ERLER 2009 JHEP 0908 017 Improved Constraints on ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ Bosons from Electroweak Precision Data SCHAEL 2007A EPJ C49 411 Fermion Pair Production in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Collisions at $189 - 209$ GeV and Constraints on Physics Beyond the Standard Model ABDALLAH 2006C EPJ C45 589 Measurement and Interpretation of Fermion-Pair Production at LEP Energies above the ${{\mathit Z}}$ Resonance ABBIENDI 2004G EPJ C33 173 Tests of the Standard Model and Constraints on New Physics from Measurements of Fermion Pair Production at 189 to 209 GeV at LEP CHEUNG 2001B PL B517 167 Constraints on Electron Quark Contact Interactions and Implications to Models of Leptoquarks and Extra ${{\mathit Z}}$ Bosons ABREU 2000S PL B485 45 Measurement and Interpretation of Fermion-Pair Production at LEP Energies of 183 and 189 GeV BARATE 2000I EPJ C12 183 Study of Fermion Pair Production in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Collisions at $130 - 183$ GeV CHAY 2000 PR D61 035002 Bounds of the Mass of ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ and the Neutral Mixing Angles in General SU(2)$_{L}$ x SU(2)$_{R}$ x U$_{1}$ Models ERLER 2000 PRL 84 212 Indications for an Extra Neutral Gauge Boson in Electroweak Precision Data CASALBUONI 1999 PL B460 135 Bounds on New Physics from the New Data on Parity Violation in Atomic Cesium CZAKON 1999 PL B458 355 Low-Energy Physics and Left-Right Symmetry: Bounds on the Model Parameters ERLER 1999 PL B456 68 Constraints on Extended Neutral Gauge Structures BARENBOIM 1998 EPJ C1 369 Electroweak Precision Data and Righthanded Gauge Bosons CONRAD 1998 RMP 70 1341 Precision Measurements with High Energy Neutrino Beams ABE 1997S PRL 79 2192 Search for New Gauge Bosons Decaying into Dileptons in ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.8 TeV VILAIN 1994B PL B332 465 Constraints on Additional ${{\mathit Z}}$ Bosons Derived from Neutrino Electron Scattering Measurements RIZZO 1993 PR D48 4470 Constraints on New Physics from Fermilab Tevatron Dijet Data WALKER 1991 APJ 376 51 Primordial Nucleosynthesis Redux GRIFOLS 1990 NP B331 244 Implications from SN1987a on Supersymmetric, Left-Right and E(6) Particle Masses BARBIERI 1989B PR D39 1229 Limits on Righthanded Interactions from SN1987a Observations