# Half-life limits on the neutrino-less double-$\beta$ decay INSPIRE search

In most cases the transitions (Z,A)$~\rightarrow~$(Z+2,A) $+~2{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ to the 0${}^{+}$ ground state of the final nucleus are listed. We also list transitions that decrease the nuclear charge (2${{\mathit e}^{+}}$, ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ CC and double EC) and transitions to an excited state of the final nucleus (0${}^{+}_{i}$, 2${}^{+}$, and 2${}^{+}_{i}$). In the following Listings only the best or comparable limits for the half-lives of each transition are reported and only those with about T$_{1/2}>10^{23}$ years that are relevant for particle physics.

${\mathrm {\mathit t_{1/2}}}$ ($10^{23}$ yr) CL$\%$ ISOTOPE TRANSITION METHOD DOCUMENT ID
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
$>190$ $90$ ${}^{76}\mathrm {Ge}$ $\text{MAJORANA}$ 1
 2018
$>800$ $90$ ${}^{76}\mathrm {Ge}$ $\text{GERDA}$ 2
 2018
$>180$ $90$ ${}^{136}\mathrm {Xe}$ $\text{EXO-200}$ 3
 2018
$>150$ $90$ ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$ $\text{CUORE}$ 4
 2018
$>530$ $90$ ${}^{76}\mathrm {Ge}$ $\text{GERDA}$ 5
 2017
$>1.1$ $90$ ${}^{134}\mathrm {Xe}$ $\text{EXO-200}$ 6
 2017 C
$>1$ $90$ ${}^{116}\mathrm {Cd}$ $\text{NEMO-3}$ 7
 2017
$>40$ $90$ ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$ CUORE(CINO) 8
 2016
$>260$ $90$ ${}^{136}\mathrm {Xe}$ $g.s. \rightarrow 2{}^{+}_{1}$ $\text{KamLAND-Zen}$ 9
 2016
$>260$ $90$ ${}^{136}\mathrm {Xe}$ $g.s. \rightarrow 2{}^{+}_{2}$ $\text{KamLAND-Zen}$ 10
 2016
$>240$ $90$ ${}^{136}\mathrm {Xe}$ $g.s. \rightarrow 0{}^{+}_{1}$ $\text{KamLAND-Zen}$ 11
 2016
$>1070$ $90$ ${}^{136}\mathrm {Xe}$ $\text{KamLAND-Zen}$ 12
 2016
$>11$ $90$ ${}^{100}\mathrm {Mo}$ NEMO-3 13
 2015
$>110$ $90$ ${}^{136}\mathrm {Xe}$ $\text{EXO-200}$ 14
 2014 B
$>9.4$ $90$ ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$ $0$ $\text{CUORICINO}$ 15
 2012
$>3.6$ $90$ ${}^{82}\mathrm {Se}$ $\text{NEMO-3}$ 16
 2011 A
$>30$ $90$ ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$ CUORICINO 17
 2008
$>0.58$ $90$ ${}^{48}\mathrm {Ca}$ $CaF_{2} \text{ scint.}$ 18
 2008
$>0.89$ $90$ ${}^{100}\mathrm {Mo}$ $0$ NEMO-3 19
 2007
$>1.6$ $90$ ${}^{100}\mathrm {Mo}$ $0$ NEMO-3 20
 2007
$>1$ $90$ ${}^{82}\mathrm {Se}$ NEMO-3 21
 2005 A
$>1.1$ $90$ ${}^{128}\mathrm {Te}$ $\text{Cryog. det.}$ 22
 2003
$>1.7$ $90$ ${}^{116}\mathrm {Cd}$ ${}^{116}\mathrm {Cd}\text{ WO_}{4} \text{ scint.}$ 23
 2003
$>157$ $90$ ${}^{76}\mathrm {Ge}$ Enriched HPGe 24
 2002 B
$>190$ $90$ ${}^{76}\mathrm {Ge}$ Enriched HPGe 25
 2001
1  AALSETH 2018 uses the MAJORANA Demonstrator to search for the 0${{\mathit \nu}}$ ${{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$ decay. The exposure is 9.95 kg$\cdot{}$year. The median sensitivity is $2.1 \times 10^{25}$ yr.
2  AGOSTINI 2018 uses the GERDA detector to search for the 0${{\mathit \nu}}$ ${{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$ decay. The exposure is 46.7 kg$\cdot{}$year. The median sensitivity is $5.8 \times 10^{25}$ yr. Supersedes AGOSTINI 2017 .
3  ALBERT 2018 uses the EXO-200 detector to search for the 0${{\mathit \nu}}$ ${{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$ decay. The exposure is 177.6 kg$\cdot{}$year. The median sensitivity is $3.7 \times 10^{25}$ years.
4  ALDUINO 2018 uses the CUORE detector to search for the 0${{\mathit \nu}}$ ${{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$ decay of ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$. The exposure is 86.3 kg$\cdot{}$year of natural TeO$_{2}$ corresponding to 24.0 kg$\cdot{}$year for ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$. The median sensitivity is $0.7 \times 10^{25}$ yr. The limit is obtained combining the new data from CUORE with those of CUORE0 (9.8 kg$\cdot{}$year of ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$) and Cuoricino (19.8 kg$\cdot{}$year of ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$).
5  AGOSTINI 2017 result corresponds to data collected with GERDA phase 1 and first release of phase 2 for a total of 343 mol-yr exposure. Supersedes AGOSTINI 2013A. The median sensitivity is 4.0 10${}^{25}$ yr.
6  ALBERT 2017C uses the EXO-200 detector that contains $19.098$ $\pm0.014\%$ admixture of ${}^{134}\mathrm {Xe}$ to search for the 0${{\mathit \nu}}$ and 2${{\mathit \nu}}$ ${{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$ decay modes. The exposure is 29.6 kg$\cdot{}$year. The median sensitivity is $1.9 \times 10^{21}$ years.
7  ARNOLD 2017 use the NEMO-3 tracking calorimeter, containing 410 g of enriched ${}^{116}\mathrm {Cd}$ exposed for 5.26 yr, to determine the half-life limit. Supersedes BARABASH 2011A.
8  ALDUINO 2016 report result obtained with 9.8 kg y of data collected with the CUORE-0 bolometer, combined with data from the CUORICINO. Supersedes ALFONSO 2015 .
9  ASAKURA 2016 use the KamLAND-Zen liquid scintillator calorimeter (${}^{136}\mathrm {Xe}$ 89.5 kg yr) to place a limit on the 0${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$-decay into the first excited state of the daughter nuclide.
10  ASAKURA 2016 use the KamLAND-Zen liquid scintillator calorimeter (${}^{136}\mathrm {Xe}$ 89.5 kg yr) to place a limit on the 0${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$-decay into the second excited state of the daughter nuclide.
11  ASAKURA 2016 use the KamLAND-Zen liquid scintillator calorimeter (${}^{136}\mathrm {Xe}$ 89.5 kg yr) to place a limit on the 0${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$-decay into the third excited state of the daughter nuclide.
12  GANDO 2016 use the the KamLAND detector to search for the 0${{\mathit \nu}}$ decay of ${}^{136}\mathrm {Xe}$. With a significant background reduction, the combination of results of the first (270.7 days) and the second phase (263.8 days) of the experiment leads to about six fold improvement over the previous limit. Supersedes GANDO 2013A. The sensitivity is 5.6 10${}^{25}$ yr.
13  ARNOLD 2015 use the NEMO-3 tracking calorimeter with 34.3 kg yr exposure to determine the limit of 0${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$-half life of ${}^{100}\mathrm {Mo}$. Supersedes {ARNOLD 2005A} and BARABASH 2011A.
14  ALBERT 2014B use 100 kg yr of exposure of the EXO-200 tracking calorimeter to place a lower limit on the 0${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$-half life of ${}^{136}\mathrm {Xe}$. Supersedes AUGER 2012 .
15  ANDREOTTI 2012 use high resolution TeO$_{2}$ bolometric calorimeter to search for the 0${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$ decay of ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$ leading to the excited 0${}^{1}_{+}$ state at 1793.5 keV.
16  BARABASH 2011A use the NEMO-3 detector to measure 2${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$ rates and place limits on 0${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$ half lives for various nuclides. Supersedes ARNOLD 2005A, ARNOLD 2004 , ARNOLD 1998 , and ELLIOTT 1992 .
17  Supersedes ARNABOLDI 2004 . Bolometric TeO$_{2}$ detector array CUORICINO is used for high resolution search for 0 ${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$ decay. The half-life limit is derived from 3.09 kg yr ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$ exposure.
18  UMEHARA 2008 use CaF$_{2}$ scintillation calorimeter to search for double beta decay of ${}^{48}\mathrm {Ca}$. Limit is significantly more stringent than quoted sensitivity: $18 \times 10^{21}$ years.
19  Limit on 0${{\mathit \nu}}$-decay to the first excited 0${}^{+}_{1}$-state of daughter nucleus using NEMO-3 tracking calorimeter. Supersedes DASSIE 1995 .
20  Limit on 0${{\mathit \nu}}$-decay to the first excited 2${}^{+}$-state of daughter nucleus using NEMO-3 tracking calorimeter.
21  NEMO-3 tracking calorimeter is used in ARNOLD 2005A to place limit on 0 ${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$ half-life of ${}^{82}\mathrm {Se}$. Detector contains 0.93 kg of enriched ${}^{82}\mathrm {Se}$. Supersedes ARNOLD 2004 .
22  Supersedes ALESSANDRELLO 2000 . Array of TeO$_{2}$ crystals in high resolution cryogenic calorimeter. Some enriched in ${}^{128}\mathrm {Te}$. Ground state to ground state decay.
23  Limit on 0${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$ decay of ${}^{116}\mathrm {Cd}$ using enriched CdWO$_{4}$ scintillators. Supersedes DANEVICH 2000 .
24  AALSETH 2002B limit is based on 117 mol$\cdot{}$yr of data using enriched Ge detectors. Background reduction by means of pulse shape analysis is applied to part of the data set. Reported limit is slightly less restrictive than that in KLAPDOR-KLEINGROTHAUS 2001 However, it excludes part of the allowed half-life range reported in KLAPDOR-KLEINGROTHAUS 2001B for the same nuclide. The analysis has been criticized in KLAPDOR-KLEINGROTHAUS 2004B. The criticism was addressed and disputed in AALSETH 2004 .
25  KLAPDOR-KLEINGROTHAUS 2001 is a continuation of the work published in BAUDIS 1999 . Isotopically enriched Ge detectors are used in calorimetric measurement. The most stringent bound is derived from the data set in which pulse-shape analysis has been used to reduce background. Exposure time is $35.5~$kg$~$y. Supersedes BAUDIS 1999 as most stringent result.
References:
 AALSETH 2018
PRL 120 132502 Search for Zero-Neutrino Double Beta Decay in $^{76}$Ge with the Majorana Demonstrator
 AGOSTINI 2018
PRL 120 132503 Improved Limit on Neutrinoless Double- ? Decay of Ge76 from GERDA Phase II
 ALBERT 2018
PRL 120 072701 Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay with the Upgraded EXO-200 Detector
 ALDUINO 2018
PRL 120 132501 First Results from CUORE: A Search for Lepton Number Violation via $0\nu\beta\beta$ Decay of $^{130}$Te
 AGOSTINI 2017
NAT 544 47 Background Free Search for Neutrinoless Double beta Decay with GERDA Phase II
 ALBERT 2017C
PR D96 092001 Searches for Double Beta Decay of ${}^{134}\mathrm {Xe}$ with EXO-200
 ARNOLD 2017
PR D95 012007 Measurement of the 2${{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \beta}}{{\mathit \beta}}$ Decay Half-Life and Search for the 0${{\mathit \nu}}\beta \beta$ Decay of ${}^{116}\mathrm {Cd}$ with the NEMO-3 Detector
 ALDUINO 2016
PR C93 045503 Analysis Techniques for the Evaluation of the Neutrinoless Double-${{\mathit \beta}}$ Decay Lifetime in ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$ with the CUORE-0 Detector
 ASAKURA 2016
NP A946 171 Search for Double-beta Decay of ${}^{136}\mathrm {Xe}$ to Excited States of ${}^{136}\mathrm {Ba}$ with the KamLAND-Zen experiment
 GANDO 2016
PRL 117 082503 Search for Majorana Neutrinos near the Inverted Mass Hierarchy Region with KamLAND-Zen
 ARNOLD 2015
PR D92 072011 Results of the Search for Neutrinoless Double-${{\mathit \beta}}$ Decay in ${}^{100}\mathrm {Mo}$ with the NEMO-3 Experiment
 ALBERT 2014B
NAT 510 229 Search for Majorana Neutrinos with the First Two Years of EXO-200 Data
 ANDREOTTI 2012
PR C85 045503 Search for Double-${{\mathit \beta}}$ Decay of ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$ to the First $0{}^{+}{}^{}$ Excited State of ${}^{130}\mathrm {Xe}$ with the CUORICINO Experiment Bolometer Array
 BARABASH 2011A
PAN 74 312 Investigation of Double-beta Decay with the NEMO-3 Detector
 ARNABOLDI 2008
PR C78 035502 Results from a Search for the 0 ${{\mathit \nu}}$ $\beta \beta$ Decay of ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$
 UMEHARA 2008
PR C78 058501 Neutrino-less Double-$\beta$ Decay of ${}^{48}\mathrm {Ca}$ Studied by CaF$_{2}$(Eu) Scintillators
 ARNOLD 2007
NP A781 209 Measurement of Double beta Decay of ${}^{100}\mathrm {Mo}$ to Excited States in the NEMO-3 Experiment
 ARNOLD 2005A
PRL 95 182302 First Results of the Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay with the NEMO 3 Detector
 ARNABOLDI 2003
PL B557 167 A Calorimetric Search on Double beta Decay of ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$
 DANEVICH 2003
PR C68 035501 Search for 2$\beta$ Decay of Cadmium and Tungsten Isotopes: Final Results of the Solotvina Experiment
 AALSETH 2002B
PR D65 092007 The IGEX ${}^{76}\mathrm {Ge}$ Neutrinoless Double beta Decay Experiment: Prospects for Next Generation Experiments
 KLAPDOR-KLEINGROTHAUS 2001
EPJ A12 147 Latest Results from the Heidelberg-Moscow Double $\beta$ Decay Experiment
 AGOSTINI 2013A
PRL 111 122503 Results on neutrinoless double beta decay of ${}^{76}\mathrm {Ge}$ from GERDA Phase I
 BAUDIS 1999
PR D59 022001 New Limits on Dark Matter WIMPs from the Heidelberg-Moscow Experiment