| • • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • • |
|
$
\text{<4 - 20}
$
|
$90$
|
$700 - 3500$
|
${}^{38m}\text{ K}$
|
$\text{Trap}$
|
1 |
|
|
$
\text{<9 - 116}
$
|
$95$
|
$1 - 0.1$
|
${}^{187}\mathrm {Re}$
|
$\text{cryog.}$
|
2 |
|
|
$
<1
$
|
$95$
|
$10 - 90$
|
${}^{35}\mathrm {S}$
|
$\text{Mag spect}$
|
3 |
|
|
$
<4
$
|
$95$
|
$14 - 17$
|
${}^{241}\mathrm {Pu}$
|
$\text{Electrostatic spec}$
|
4 |
|
|
$
<1
$
|
$95$
|
$\text{4 - 30}$
|
${}^{63}\mathrm {Ni}$
|
$\text{Mag spect}$
|
5 |
|
|
$
\text{<10 - 40}
$
|
$90$
|
$370 - 640$
|
${}^{37}\mathrm {Ar}$
|
$\text{EC ion recoil}$
|
6 |
|
|
$
\text{<10}
$
|
$95$
|
$1$
|
${}^{3}\mathrm {H}$
|
SPEC
|
7 |
|
|
$
\text{<6}
$
|
$95$
|
$2$
|
${}^{3}\mathrm {H}$
|
SPEC
|
7 |
|
|
$
\text{<2}
$
|
$95$
|
$3$
|
${}^{3}\mathrm {H}$
|
SPEC
|
7 |
|
|
$
<0.7
$
|
$99$
|
$\text{16.3 - 16.6}$
|
${}^{3}\mathrm {H}$
|
$\text{Prop chamber}$
|
8 |
|
|
$
<2
$
|
$95$
|
$13 - 40$
|
${}^{35}\mathrm {S}$
|
$\text{Si(Li)}$
|
9 |
|
|
$
<0.73
$
|
$95$
|
$17$
|
${}^{63}\mathrm {Ni}$
|
$\text{Mag spect}$
|
|
|
|
$
<1.0
$
|
$95$
|
10$-$24
|
${}^{63}\mathrm {Ni}$
|
$\text{Mag spect}$
|
|
|
|
$
\text{<0.9 - 2.5}
$
|
$90$
|
$1200 - 6800$
|
${}^{20}\mathrm {F}$
|
$\text{beta spectrum}$
|
10 |
|
|
$
<8
$
|
$90$
|
$80$
|
${}^{35}\mathrm {S}$
|
$\text{Mag spect}$
|
11 |
|
|
$
<1.5
$
|
$90$
|
$60$
|
${}^{35}\mathrm {S}$
|
$\text{Mag spect}$
|
|
|
|
$
<3.0
$
|
$90$
|
5$-$50
|
|
$\text{Mag spect}$
|
|
|
|
$
<0.62
$
|
$90$
|
$48$
|
${}^{35}\mathrm {S}$
|
$\text{Si(Li)}$
|
|
|
|
$
<0.90
$
|
$90$
|
$30$
|
${}^{35}\mathrm {S}$
|
$\text{Si(Li)}$
|
|
|
|
$
<4
$
|
$90$
|
$140$
|
${}^{64}\mathrm {Cu}$
|
$\text{Mag spect}$
|
12 |
|
|
$
<8
$
|
$90$
|
$440$
|
${}^{64}\mathrm {Cu}$
|
$\text{Mag spect}$
|
12 |
|
|
$
<100
$
|
$90$
|
$\text{0.1 - 3000}$
|
|
$\text{THEO}$
|
13 |
|
|
$
<0.1
$
|
$68$
|
$80$
|
|
$\text{THEO}$
|
14 |
|
|
1
TRINCZEK 2003 is a search for admixture of heavy neutrino to ${{\mathit \nu}_{{e}}}$, in contrast to ${{\overline{\mathit \nu}}_{{e}}}$ used in many other searches. Full kinematic reconstruction of the neutrino momentum by use of a magneto optical trap.
|
|
2
GALEAZZI 2001 use an cryogenic microcalorimeter to search for mass $50 - 1000$ eV neutrino admixtures using the ${}^{187}\mathrm {Re}$ beta spectrum with 2.4 keV endpoint. They derive limits for the admixture of heavy neutrinos, ranging from $9 \times 10^{-3}$ for mass 1 keV to $0.116$ for mass 100 eV. This is a significant improvement with respect to HIDDEMANN 1995 , especially for masses below $\sim{}$500 MeV, where the limit is about a factor of $\sim{}$2 higher.
|
|
3
HOLZSCHUH 2000 use an iron-free $\beta ~$spectrometer to measure the ${}^{35}\mathrm {S}$ $\beta $ decay spectrum. An analysis of the spectrum in the energy range $56 - 173~$keV is used to derive limits for the admixture of heavy neutrinos. This extends the range of neutrino masses explored in HOLZSCHUH 1999 .
|
|
4
DRAGOUN 1999 analyze the $\beta ~$decay spectrum of ${}^{241}\mathrm {Pu}$ in the energy range $0.2 - 9.2$ keV to derive limits for the admixture of heavy neutrinos. It is not competitive with HOLZSCHUH 1999 .
|
|
5
HOLZSCHUH 1999 use an iron-free $\beta ~$spectrometer to measure the ${}^{63}\mathrm {Ni}\beta $ decay spectrum. An analysis of the spectrum in the energy rage $33 - 67.8$ keV is used to derive limits for the admixture of heavy neutrinos.
|
|
6
HINDI 1998 obtain a limit on heavy neutrino admixture from EC decay of ${}^{37}\mathrm {Ar}$ by measuring the time-of-flight distribution of the recoiling ions in coincidence with x-rays or Auger electrons. The authors report upper limit for $\vert \mathit U_{{{\mathit e}}\mathit x}\vert ^2$ of $\approx{}3\%$ for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit \nu}_{{x}}}}$=500 keV, 1$\%$ for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit \nu}_{{x}}}}$=550 keV, 2$\%$ for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit \nu}_{{x}}}}$=600 keV, and 4$\%$ for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit x}}}$=650 keV. Their reported limits for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit \nu}_{{x}}}}{}\leq{}450$ keV are inferior to the limits of SCHRECKENBACH 1983 .
|
|
7
In the beta spectrum from tritium $\beta $ decay nonvanishing or mixed ${\mathit m}_{{{\overline{\mathit \nu}}_{{1}}}}$ state in the mass region $0.01 - 4~$keV. For ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit \nu}_{{x}}}}$ $<1~$keV, their upper limit on $\vert \mathit U_{{{\mathit e}}\mathit x}\vert ^2$ becomes less
|
|
8
KALBFLEISCH 1993 extends the 17 keV neutrino search of BAHRAN 1992 , using an improved proportional chamber to which a small amount of ${}^{3}\mathrm {H}$ is added. Systematics are significantly reduced, allowing for an improved upper limit. The authors give a 99$\%$ confidence limit on $\vert \mathit U_{{{\mathit e}}\mathit x}\vert ^2$ as a function of ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit \nu}_{{x}}}}$ in the range from $13.5$ keV to $17.5$ keV. See also the related papers BAHRAN 1993 , BAHRAN 1993B, and BAHRAN 1995 on theoretical aspects of beta spectra and fitting methods for heavy neutrinos.
|
|
9
MORTARA 1993 limit is from study using a high-resolution solid-state detector with a superconducting solenoid. The authors note that ``The sensitivity to neutrino mass is verified by measurement with a mixed source of ${}^{35}\mathrm {S}$ and ${}^{14}\mathrm {C}$, which artificially produces a distortion in the beta spectrum similar to that expected from the massive neutrino.''
|
|
10
DEUTSCH 1990 search for emission of heavy ${{\overline{\mathit \nu}}_{{e}}}$ in super-allowed beta decay of ${}^{20}\mathrm {F}$ by spectral analysis of the electrons.
|
|
11
This limit was taken from the figure 3 of APALIKOV 1985 ; the text gives a more restrictive limit of $1.7 \times 10^{-3}$ at CL = 90$\%$.
|
|
12
SCHRECKENBACH 1983 is a combined measurement of the ${{\mathit \beta}^{+}}$ and ${{\mathit \beta}^{-}}$ spectrum.
|
|
13
SHROCK 1980 was a retroactive analysis of data on several superallowed $\beta $ decays to search for kinks in the Kurie plot.
|
|
14
Application of test to search for kinks in $\beta $ decay Kurie plots.
|
