pdgLive

2017

BES3

${{\mathit J / \psi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}$3 ${{\mathit \pi}}$

$(440 \pm10)−{\mit i}(238 \pm10)$

ALBALADEJO

2012

RVUE

Compilation

$(445 \pm25)−{\mit i}(278 {}^{+22}_{-18})$

³ ^{, 4}

RVUE

Compilation

$(457 {}^{+14}_{-13})−{\mit i}(279 {}^{+11}_{-7})$

⁵ ^{, 3}

RVUE

Compilation

$(442 {}^{+5}_{-8})−{\mit i}(274 {}^{+6}_{-5})$

⁶

MOUSSALLAM

RVUE

Compilation

$(452 \pm13)−{\mit i}(259 \pm16)$

⁷

MENNESSIER

2010

RVUE

Compilation

$(448 \pm43)−{\mit i}(266 \pm43)$

⁸

MENNESSIER

2010

RVUE

Compilation

$(455 \pm6 {}^{+31}_{-13})−{\mit i}(278 \pm6 {}^{+34}_{-43})$

⁹

2008

RVUE

Compilation

$(463 \pm6 {}^{+31}_{-17})−{\mit i}(259 \pm6 {}^{+33}_{-34})$

¹⁰

2008

RVUE

Compilation

$(552 {}^{+84}_{-106})−{\mit i}(232 {}^{+81}_{-72})$

¹¹

BES2

${{\mathit \psi}{(2S)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit J / \psi}}$

$(466 \pm18)−{\mit i}(223 \pm28)$

¹²

BONVICINI

CLEO

${{\mathit D}^{+}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$

$(472 \pm30)−{\mit i}(271 \pm30)$

¹³

RVUE

Compilation

$(484 \pm17)−{\mit i}(255 \pm10)$

RVUE

Compilation

$(430)−{\mit i}(325)$

¹⁴

ANISOVICH

RVUE

Compilation

$(441 {}^{+16}_{-8})−{\mit i}(272 {}^{+9}_{-12.5})$

¹⁵

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$

$(470 \pm50)−{\mit i}(285 \pm25)$

¹⁶

ZHOU

2005

RVUE

$(541 \pm39)−{\mit i}(252 \pm42)$

¹⁷

2004

BES2

${{\mathit J / \psi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \omega}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$

$(528 \pm32)−{\mit i}(207 \pm23)$

¹⁸

GALLEGOS

2004

RVUE

Compilation

$(533 \pm25)−{\mit i}(249 \pm25)$

¹⁹

2003

RVUE

$517−{\mit i}\text{ 240}$

BLACK

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$

$(470 \pm30)−{\mit i}(295 \pm20)$

¹⁵

COLANGELO

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$

$(535 {}^{+48}_{-36})−{\mit i}(155 {}^{+76}_{-53})$

²⁰

${{\mathit \Upsilon}{(3S)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Upsilon}}{{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$

$610 \pm14−{\mit i}(310 \pm13)$

²¹

SUROVTSEV

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$

$(540 {}^{+36}_{-29})−{\mit i}(193 {}^{+32}_{-40})$

2000

${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{0}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$

$445−{\mit i}\text{ 235}$

HANNAH

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ scalar form factor

$(523 \pm12)−{\mit i}(259 \pm7)$

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ , ${{\mathit \sigma}}{{\mathit \sigma}}$

$442−{\mit i} \text{ 227}$

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$

$469−{\mit i}\text{ 203}$

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$

$445−{\mit i}\text{ 221}$

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ , ${{\mathit \eta}}{{\mathit \eta}}$

$420−{\mit i} \text{ 212}$

LOCHER

1998

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$

$440−{\mit i}\text{ 245}$

²²

DOBADO

RVUE

Compilation

$(602 \pm26)−{\mit i}(196 \pm27)$

²³

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$

$(537 \pm20)−{\mit i}(250 \pm17)$

²⁴

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ , 4${{\mathit \pi}}$

$470−{\mit i}\text{ 250}$

²⁵ ^{, 26}

TORNQVIST

1996

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit \eta}}{{\mathit \pi}}$

$387−{\mit i}\text{ 305}$

²⁷ ^{, 26}

JANSSEN

1995

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$

$420−{\mit i}\text{ 370}$

²⁸

ACHASOV

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$

$(506 \pm10)−{\mit i}(247 \pm3)$

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$

$370−{\mit i}\text{ 356}$

²⁹

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$

$408−{\mit i}\text{ 342}$

²⁹ ^{, 26}

1993

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$

$470−{\mit i}\text{ 208}$

³⁰

VANBEVEREN

1986

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$ , ${{\mathit \eta}}{{\mathit \eta}}$ , ...

$(750 \pm50)−{\mit i}(450 \pm50)$

³¹

ESTABROOKS

1979

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$

$(660 \pm100)−{\mit i}(320 \pm70)$

PROTOPOPESCU

1973

HBC

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ , ${{\mathit K}}{{\overline{\mathit K}}}$

$650−{\mit i}\text{ 370}$

³²

BASDEVANT

1972

RVUE

${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit \pi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$

¹	S-matrix pole; 8595 events.

²	Applying the chiral unitary approach at NLO to the ${{\mathit K}_{{e4}}}$ data of BATLEY 2010 and ${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit N}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit N}}$ data of HYAMS 1973 , GRAYER 1974 , and PROTOPOPESCU 1973 .

³	Uses the ${{\mathit K}_{{e4}}}$ data of BATLEY 2010C and the ${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit N}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit N}}$ data of HYAMS 1973 , GRAYER 1974 , and PROTOPOPESCU 1973 .

⁴	Analytic continuation using Roy equations.

⁵	Analytic continuation using GKPY equations.

⁶	Using Roy equations.

⁷	Average of three variants of the analytic K-matrix model. Uses the ${{\mathit K}_{{e4}}}$ data of BATLEY 2008A and the ${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit N}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit N}}$ data of HYAMS 1973 and GRAYER 1974 .

⁸	Average of the analyses of three data sets in the K-matrix model. Uses the data of BATLEY 2008A, HYAMS 1973 , and GRAYER 1974 , partially of COHEN 1980 or ETKIN 1982B.

⁹	From the ${{\mathit K}_{{e4}}}$ data of BATLEY 2008A and ${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit N}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit N}}$ data of HYAMS 1973 .

¹⁰	From the ${{\mathit K}_{{e4}}}$ data of BATLEY 2008A and ${{\mathit \pi}}$ ${{\mathit N}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit N}}$ data of PROTOPOPESCU 1973 , GRAYER 1974 , and ESTABROOKS 1974 .

¹¹	From a mean of three different ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(500)}}$ parametrizations. Uses 40k events.

¹²	From an isobar model using 2.6k events.

¹³	Reanalysis of ABLIKIM 2004A, PISLAK 2001 , and HYAMS 1973 data.

¹⁴	Using the N/D method.

¹⁵	From the solution of the Roy equation (ROY 1971 ) for the isoscalar S-wave and using a phase-shift analysis of HYAMS 1973 and PROTOPOPESCU 1973 data.

¹⁶	Reanalysis of the data from PROTOPOPESCU 1973 , ESTABROOKS 1974 , GRAYER 1974 , ROSSELET 1977 , PISLAK 2003 , and AKHMETSHIN 2004 .

¹⁷	From a mean of six different analyses and ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(500)}}$ parameterizations.

¹⁸	Using data on ${{\mathit \psi}{(2S)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit J / \psi}}{{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ from BAI 2000E and on ${{\mathit \Upsilon}{(nS)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Upsilon}{(mS)}}{{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ from BUTLER 1994B and ALEXANDER 1998 .

¹⁹	From a combined analysis of HYAMS 1973 , AUGUSTIN 1989 , AITALA 2001B, and PISLAK 2001 .

²⁰	A similar analysis (KOMADA 2001 ) finds ($580$ ${}^{+79}_{-30})−{\mit i}(190$ ${}^{+107}_{-49}$) MeV.

²¹	Coupled channel reanalysis of BATON 1970 , BENSINGER 1971 , BAILLON 1972 , HYAMS 1973 , HYAMS 1975 , ROSSELET 1977 , COHEN 1980 , and ETKIN 1982B using the uniformizing variable.

²²	Using the inverse amplitude method and data of ESTABROOKS 1973 , GRAYER 1974 , and PROTOPOPESCU 1973 .

²³	Reanalysis of data from HYAMS 1973 , GRAYER 1974 , SRINIVASAN 1975 , and ROSSELET 1977 using the interfering amplitude method.

²⁴	Average and spread of 4 variants (``up'' and ``down'') of KAMINSKI 1997B 3-channel model.

²⁵	Uses data from BEIER 1972B, OCHS 1973 , HYAMS 1973 , GRAYER 1974 , ROSSELET 1977 , CASON 1983 , ASTON 1988 , and ARMSTRONG 1991B. Coupled channel analysis with flavor symmetry and all light two-pseudoscalars systems.

²⁶	Demonstrates explicitly that ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(500)}}$ and ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(1370)}}$ are two different poles.

²⁷	Analysis of data from FALVARD 1988 .

²⁸	Analysis of data from OCHS 1973 , ESTABROOKS 1975 , ROSSELET 1977 , and MUKHIN 1980 .

²⁹	Analysis of data from OCHS 1973 , GRAYER 1974 , and ROSSELET 1977 .

³⁰	Coupled-channel analysis using data from PROTOPOPESCU 1973 , HYAMS 1973 , HYAMS 1975 , GRAYER 1974 , ESTABROOKS 1974 , ESTABROOKS 1975 , FROGGATT 1977 , CORDEN 1979 , BISWAS 1981 .

³¹	Analysis of data from APEL 1972C, GRAYER 1974 , CASON 1976 , PAWLICKI 1977 . Includes spread and errors of 4 solutions.

³²	Analysis of data from BATON 1970 , BENSINGER 1971 , COLTON 1971 , BAILLON 1972 ,PROTOPOPESCU 1973 , and WALKER 1967 .

References:

SARANTSEV

2021

PL B816 136227

Scalar isoscalar mesons and the scalar glueball from radiative $J/\psi$ decays

2017

PRL 118 012001

Amplitude Analysis of the Decays ${{\mathit \eta}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$ and ${{\mathit \eta}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{0}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$

ALBALADEJO

2012

PR D86 034003

Size of the ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ Meson and Its Nature

PRL 107 072001

Precise Determination of the ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(600)}}$ and ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(980)}}$ Pole Parameters from a Dispersive Data Analysis

MOUSSALLAM

EPJ C71 1814

Couplings of Light $\mathit I = 0$ Scalar Mesons to Simple Operators in the Complex Plane

MENNESSIER

2010

PL B688 59

The ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ and ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(980)}}$ from ${{\mathit K}_{{e4}}}$⊕${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ Scatterings Data

2008

PR D77 114019

Finding the $\sigma $ Pole by Analytic Extrapolation of ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ Scattering Data

2007A

PL B645 19

Production of ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ in ${{\mathit \psi}{(2S)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit J / \psi}}$

BONVICINI

PR D76 012001

Dalitz Plot Analysis of the ${{\mathit D}^{+}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ Decay

2007A

JP G34 151

The Mass of the $\sigma $ Pole

PR D76 074034

Experimental Status of the ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ Isoscalar ${\mathit S}{\mathrm wave}$ at Low Energy: ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(600)}}$ Pole and Scattering Length

ANISOVICH

IJMP A21 3615

Scalar Mesons and Low-Mass Sigma: Does the $\sigma $ Reveal the Confinement Singularity?

PRL 96 132001

Mass and Width of the Lowest Resonance in QCD

ZHOU

2005

JHEP 0502 043

The Pole Structure of the Unitary, Crossing Symmetric Low Energy ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ Scattering Amplitudes

2004A

PL B598 149

The $\sigma $ Pole in ${{\mathit J / \psi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \omega}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$

GALLEGOS

2004

PR D69 074033

${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ Invariant Mass Spectrum in ${{\mathit V}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit V}}{{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ and the ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(600)}}$ Pole

2003

PL B572 1

Comments on the $\sigma $ and $\kappa $

BLACK

PR D64 014031

Unitarized Pseudoscalar Meson Scattering Amplitudes in Three Flavor Linear Sigma Models

COLANGELO

NP B603 125

${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ Scattering

PL B518 47

The ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ Meson Production in Excited ${{\mathit \Upsilon}}$ Decay Processes: Constraint from Chiral Symmetry

SUROVTSEV

PR D63 054024

Existence of the ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ Meson below 1 GeV and ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(1500)}}$ Glueball

2000B

PTP 104 203

Effect of Light ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ Meson Production in ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ 3 ${{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$ at Rest

HANNAH

PR D60 017502

Pion Scalar Formfactor and the ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ Meson

EPJ C9 141

Scalar Mesons and Multichannel Amplitudes

1999B

NP A652 407 (erratum)

Chiral Symmetry Amplitudes in the S-wave Isoscalar and Isovector Channels and the ${{\mathit \sigma}}$, ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(980)}}$, ${{\mathit a}_{{0}}{(980)}}$ Scalar Mesons

1999C

PR D60 074023

N/D Description of Two Meson Amplitudes and Chiral Symmetry

PR D60 099906 (erratum)

Meson-Meson Interaction in a Nonperturbative Chiral Approach

LOCHER

1998

EPJ C4 317

Structure of ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(980)}}$ from a Coupled Channel Analysis of S-wave ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ Scattering

DOBADO

PR D56 3057

Inverse Amplitude Method in Chiral Perturbation Theory

PTP 98 1005

Further Analysis on sigma Particle Properties

1997B

PL B413 130

Three Channel Model of Meson-Meson Scattering and Scalar Meson Spectroscopy

Also

PTP 95 745

An Analysis of ${{\mathit \pi}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ Scattering Phase Shift and Existence of ${{\mathit \sigma}{(555)}}$ Particle

TORNQVIST

1996

PRL 76 1575

Resurrection of the ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ Meson

JANSSEN

1995

PR D52 2690

On the Structure of the Scalar Mesons ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(975)}}$ and ${{\mathit a}_{{0}}{(980)}}$

ACHASOV

PR D49 5779

Phenomenological $\sigma $ Models

PR D50 3145

Relativistic Effects in the Scalar Meson Dynamics

1994B

PR D50 591

Remarks on $\mathit I = 0$ $\mathit J{}^{PC} = 0{}^{++}$ States: $\sigma /\epsilon $ and ${{\mathit f}_{{0}}{(975)}}$