CONCENTRATION OF STABLE PARTICLES IN MATTER

Concentration of Heavy Stable Particles Bound to Nuclei

INSPIRE   PDGID:
S015CNM
VALUE CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
• • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • •
$ < 2 \times 10^{-17}/\text{nucleon }$ 95 1
AFEK
2021
millicharged particle search
$<1.2 \times 10^{-11}$ 95 2
JAVORSEK
2001
SPEC Au, $\mathit M$= 3 GeV
$<6.9 \times 10^{-10}$ 95 2
JAVORSEK
2001
SPEC Au, $\mathit M$= 144 GeV
$<1 \times 10^{-11}$ 95 3
JAVORSEK
2001B
 SPEC Au, $\mathit M$= 188 GeV
$<1 \times 10^{-8}$ 95 3
JAVORSEK
2001B
 SPEC Au, $\mathit M$= 1669 GeV
$<6 \times 10^{-9}$ 95 3
JAVORSEK
2001B
 SPEC Fe, $\mathit M$= 188 GeV
$<1 \times 10^{-8}$ 95 3
JAVORSEK
2001B
 SPEC Fe, $\mathit M$= 647 GeV
$<4 \times 10^{-20}$ 90 4
HEMMICK
1990
SPEC ${}^{}\mathrm {C}$, $\mathit M$ = 100${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit p}}}$
$<8 \times 10^{-20}$ 90 4
HEMMICK
1990
SPEC ${}^{}\mathrm {C}$, $\mathit M$ = 1000${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit p}}}$
$<2 \times 10^{-16}$ 90 4
HEMMICK
1990
SPEC ${}^{}\mathrm {C}$, $\mathit M$ = 10000${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit p}}}$
$<6 \times 10^{-13}$ 90 4
HEMMICK
1990
SPEC ${}^{}\mathrm {Li}$, $\mathit M$ = 1000${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit p}}}$
$<1 \times 10^{-11}$ 90 4
HEMMICK
1990
SPEC ${}^{}\mathrm {Be}$, $\mathit M$ = 1000${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit p}}}$
$<6 \times 10^{-14}$ 90 4
HEMMICK
1990
SPEC ${}^{}\mathrm {B}$, $\mathit M$ = 1000${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit p}}}$
$<4 \times 10^{-17}$ 90 4
HEMMICK
1990
SPEC ${}^{}\mathrm {O}$, $\mathit M$ = 1000${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit p}}}$
$<4 \times 10^{-15}$ 90 4
HEMMICK
1990
SPEC ${}^{}\mathrm {F}$, $\mathit M$ = 1000${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit p}}}$
$<1.5 \times 10^{-13}/\text{nucleon }$ 68 5
NORMAN
1989
SPEC ${}^{206}\mathrm {Pb}$ ${{\mathit X}^{-}}$
$<1.2 \times 10^{-12}/\text{nucleon }$ 68 5
NORMAN
1987
SPEC ${{\mathit X}^{-}}$
1  AFEK 2021 search for millicharged particles bound to matter using an optomechanical device. No signal was observed. Limits placed in the abundance vs. charge plane (Fig. 3). This is translated to the mass versus charge plane by requiring bound states to be stable.
2  JAVORSEK 2001 search for (neutral) SIMPs (strongly interacting massive particles) bound to Au nuclei. Here $\mathit M$ is the effective SIMP mass.
3  JAVORSEK 2001B search for (neutral) SIMPs (strongly interacting massive particles) bound to Au and Fe nuclei from various origins with exposures on the earth's surface, in a satellite, heavy ion collisions, etc. Here $\mathit M$ is the mass of the anomalous nucleus. See also JAVORSEK 2002 .
4  See HEMMICK 1990 Fig.$~$7 for other masses $100 - 10000~{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit p}}}$.
5  Bound valid up to ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit X}^{-}}}$ $\sim{}$ 100 TeV.
References:
AFEK 2021
PR D104 012004 Limits on the abundance of millicharged particles bound to matter
JAVORSEK 2001
PR D64 012005 Experimental Limits on the Existence of Strongly Interacting Massive Particles Bound to Gold Nuclei
JAVORSEK 2001B
PRL 87 231804 New Experimental Limits on Strongly Interacting Massive Particles at the TeV Scale
HEMMICK 1990
PR D41 2074 Search for Low-Z Nuclei Containing Massive Stable Particles
NORMAN 1989
PR D39 2499 Search for Supermassive Chan-Glashow Particles in Lead
NORMAN 1987
PRL 58 1403 Searches for Supermassive X-Particles in Iron