LIMITS ON NEUTRAL PARTICLE PRODUCTION

Heavy Particle Production Cross Section

INSPIRE   PDGID:
S015CS
VALUE (cm${}^{2}/{{\mathit N}}$) CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
• • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • •
1
AAD
2023P
 ATLS exotica search in association with ${{\mathit h}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$
2
TUMASYAN
2023BC
 CMS ${{\mathit \gamma}}$-jet resonance search
3
TUMASYAN
2023BF
 CMS ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ + ${{\mathit \gamma}}/{{\mathit Z}}$ + ${{\mathit X}}$ search
4
TUMASYAN
2022AG
 CMS SIMP search
5
AAD
2021F
 ATLS monojet search
6
AAIJ
2020AL
 LHCB ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ at 13 TeV, dimuon resonance
7
SIRUNYAN
2020AY
 CMS ${{\mathit \Upsilon}{(1S)}}{{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ decay states
8
SIRUNYAN
2020Z
 CMS multilepton BSM search, 13 TeV
9
AABOUD
2019H
 ATLS di-photon-jet resonance
10
AABOUD
2019V
 ATLS review, mediator-based DM
11
SIRUNYAN
2019O
 CMS ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}$ $\not E_T$
12
AABOUD
2018CJ
 ATLS ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit V}}{{\mathit V}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \ell}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$, ${{\mathit V}}$ = ${{\mathit W}},{{\mathit Z}},{{\mathit h}}$
13
AABOUD
2018CM
 ATLS ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \mu}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \tau}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
14
AAIJ
2018AJ
 LHCB ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$; dark photon
15
BANERJEE
2018
NA64 ${{\mathit e}}$ ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit X}}$( ${{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$)
16
BANERJEE
2018A
 NA64 ${{\mathit e}}$ ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$, ${{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit \chi}}$
17
MARSICANO
2018
E137 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$( ${{\mathit \gamma}}$) visible decay
18
SIRUNYAN
2018BB
 CMS ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}^{-}}$ at 13 TeV
19
SIRUNYAN
2018DA
 CMS ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ Black Hole, string ball, sphaleron
20
SIRUNYAN
2018DD
 CMS ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit j}}{{\mathit j}}$
21
SIRUNYAN
2018DR
 CMS ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\mathit \mu}}{{\overline{\mathit \mu}}}$
22
SIRUNYAN
2018DU
 CMS ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$
23
SIRUNYAN
2018ED
 CMS ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit V}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit h}}$; ${{\mathit h}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$; ${{\mathit W}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$
24
AABOUD
2017B
 ATLS ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit H}}$, ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit H}}$ resonance
25
AAIJ
2017BR
 LHCB ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}_{{{v}}}}{{\mathit \pi}_{{{v}}}}$, ${{\mathit \pi}_{{{v}}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit j}}{{\mathit j}}$
26
AAD
2016O
 ATLS ${{\mathit \ell}}$ + (${{\mathit \ell}}$s or jets)
27
AAD
2016R
 ATLS ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ , ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ , ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit Z}}$ resonance
28
KRASZNAHORKAY
2016
${{\mathit p}}$ ${}^{7}\mathrm {Li}$ $\rightarrow$ ${}^{8}\mathrm {Be}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit X}{(17)}}{{\mathit N}}$ , ${{\mathit X}{(17)}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
29
LEES
2015E
 BABR ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ collisions
30
ADAMS
1997B
 KTEV $\mathit m$= $1.2 - 5$ GeV
$<10^{-36} - 10^{-33}$ 90 31
GALLAS
1995
TOF $\mathit m$= $0.5 - 20$ GeV
$<(4 - 0.3){\times }\text{ 10}$$^{-31}$ 95 32
AKESSON
1991
CNTR $\mathit m$ = $0 - 5$ GeV
$<2 \times 10^{-36}$ 90 33
BADIER
1986
BDMP $\tau $ = (0.05$-1.){\times }10^{-8}$s
$<2.5 \times 10^{-35}$ 34
GUSTAFSON
1976
CNTR $\tau $ $>10^{-7}$ s
1  AAD 2023P search in 22 channels for exotica produced in association with ${{\mathit h}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ in 139 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. No signal observed. Limits placed on production cross section in various channels.
2  TUMASYAN 2023BC search for ${{\mathit \gamma}}$-jet resonance at CMS with 138 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. No signal observed. Limits placed on quantum black hole and excited quark models.
3  TUMASYAN 2023BF search for ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}{+}$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit Z}}{+}$ ${{\mathit X}}$ search where ${{\mathit X}}$ is missing particle using CMS-TOTEM with 37.2 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. No signal observed. Limits placed on ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ vs. m plane.
4  TUMASYAN 2022AG search for strongly interacting neutral massive particles via trackless jets with 16.1 fb${}^{-1}$ at 13 TeV; no signal detected; limits placed in mass vs. cross section plane for various simplified models.
5  AAD 2021F search for hard monojet production at ATLAS with 139 ${}^{-1}$ of 13 TeV data. No signal observed. Limits placed on invisible production cross-section recoiling against ISR and interpreted in variety of BSM models.
6  AAIJ 2020AL search for dimuon resonance from promptly decaying ${{\mathit X}}$ particle; no signal; limits placed on m(${{\mathit X}}$) up to 60 GeV depending on mixing in 2HDM .
7  SIRUNYAN 2020AY measured ${{\mathit \Upsilon}}$(1S) pair production cross section and searched for new states decaying into ${{\mathit \Upsilon}{(1S)}}{{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ at CMS with 13 TeV with 35.9 fb${}^{-1}$. No signal is found and limits are set in ${{\mathit \sigma}}\cdot{}$BF vs. mass plane for tetra-${{\mathit b}}$-quarks with masses between 17.5 and 19 GeV and for generic search for narrow resonances with mass between 16.5 and 27 GeV.
8  SIRUNYAN 2020Z search for BSM physics via multilepton production with CMS at 13 TeV with 137 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal is found and limits are set on type-III seesaw and other BSM models.
9  AABOUD 2019H searches for di-photon-jet resonance at 13 TeV and 36.7 fb${}^{-1}$ of data; no signal found and limits placed on ${{\mathit \sigma}}\cdot{}$BR vs. mass plane for various simplified models.
10  AABOUD 2019V review ATLAS searches for mediator-based DM at 7, 8, and 13 TeV with up to 37 fb${}^{-1}$ of data; no signal found and limits set for wide variety of simplified models of dark matter.
11  SIRUNYAN 2019O search for ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}$ $\not E_T$ at 13 TeV with 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal found and limits set for various simplified models.
12  AABOUD 2018CJ make multichannel search for ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit V}}{{\mathit V}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \ell}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$, ${{\mathit V}}$ = ${{\mathit W}},{{\mathit Z}},{{\mathit h}}$ at 13 TeV, 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal found; limits placed for several BSM models.
13  AABOUD 2018CM search for lepton-flavor violating resonance in ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \mu}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \tau}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \tau}}$ at 13 TeV, 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal is found and limits placed for various BSM models.
14  AAIJ 2018AJ search for prompt and delayed dark photon decay ${{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ at LHCb detector using 1.6 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at 13 TeV; limits on m(${{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$) vs. kinetic mixing are set.
15  BANERJEE 2018 search for dark photon ${{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$/16.7 MeV boson ${{\mathit X}}$ at NA64 via ${{\mathit e}}$ ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit X}}$( ${{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$); no signal found and limits set on the ${{\mathit X}}-{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ coupling ${{\mathit \epsilon}_{{{e}}}}$ in the range $1.3 \times 10^{-4}{}\leq{}{{\mathit \epsilon}_{{{e}}}}{}\leq{}4.2 \times 10^{-4}$ excluding part of the allowed parameter space.
16  BANERJEE 2018A search for invisibly decaying dark photons in ${{\mathit e}}$ ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$, ${{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$ $\rightarrow$invisible; no signal found and limits set on mixing for m(${{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$) $<$ 1 GeV.
17  MARSICANO 2018 search for dark photon ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$( ${{\mathit \gamma}}$) visible decay in SLAC E137 ${{\mathit e}}$ beam dump data. No signal observed and limits set in ${{\mathit \epsilon}}$ coupling vs m(${{\mathit A}^{\,'}}$) plane, see their figure 7.
18  SIRUNYAN 2018BB search for high mass dilepton resonance; no signal found and exclude portions of p-space of ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$, KK graviton models.
19  SIRUNYAN 2018DA search for ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ Black Hole, string ball, sphaleron via high multiplicity events at 13 TeV, 35.9 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal, require e.g. m(BH) $>$ 10.1 TeV.
20  SIRUNYAN 2018DD search for ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit j}}{{\mathit j}}$ deviations in dijet angular distribution. No signal observed. Set limits on large extra dimensions, black holes and DM mediators e.g. m(BH) $>$ $5.9 - 8.2$ TeV.
21  SIRUNYAN 2018DR search for dimuon resonance in ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\mathit \mu}}{{\overline{\mathit \mu}}}$ at 8 and 13 TeV. Slight excess seen at m(${{\mathit \mu}}{{\overline{\mathit \mu}}}$) $\sim{}$ 28 GeV in some channels.
22  SIRUNYAN 2018DU search for high mass diphoton resonance in ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ at 13 TeV using 35.9 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal; limits placed on RS Graviton, LED, and clockwork.
23  SIRUNYAN 2018ED search for ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit V}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit h}}$; ${{\mathit h}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$; ${{\mathit W}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ at 13 TeV with 35.9 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal; limits set on m(${{\mathit W}^{\,'}}$) $>$ 2.9 TeV.
24  AABOUD 2017B exclude m(${{\mathit W}^{\,'}}$, ${{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$) $<1.49 - 2.31$ TeV depending on the couplings and ${{\mathit W}^{\,'}}/{{\mathit Z}^{\,'}}$ degeneracy assumptions via ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit H}}$, ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit H}}$ search in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at 13 TeV with 3.2$~$fb${}^{-1}$ of data.
25  AAIJ 2017BR search for long-lived hidden valley pions from Higgs decay. Limits are set on the signal strength as a function of the mass and lifetime of the long-lived particle in their Fig. 4 and Tab. 4.
26  AAD 2016O search for high $\mathit E_{T}{{\mathit \ell}}$ + (${{\mathit \ell}}$s or jets) with 3.2 fb${}^{-1}$ at 13 TeV; exclude micro black holes mass $<$ 8 TeV (Fig. 3) for models with two extra dimensions.
27  AAD 2016R search for ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$, ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$, resonance in 20.3 fb${}^{-1}$ at 8 TeV data; limits placed on massive RS graviton (Fig. 4).
28  KRASZNAHORKAY 2016 report ${{\mathit p}}$ ${}^{7}{}^{}\mathrm {Li}$ $\rightarrow$ ${}^{8}{}^{}\mathrm {Be}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit e}}}$ ${{\mathit N}}$ 5${{\mathit \sigma}}$ resonance at 16.7 MeV-- possible evidence for nuclear interference or new light boson . However, such nuclear interference was ruled out already by ZANG 2017.
29  LEES 2015E search for long-lived neutral particles produced in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ collisions in the Upsilon region, which decays into ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$, ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$, ${{\mathit e}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \mu}^{\mp}}$, ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$, ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$, or ${{\mathit \pi}^{\pm}}{{\mathit K}^{\mp}}$. See their Fig. 2 for cross section limits.
30  ADAMS 1997B search for a hadron-like neutral particle produced in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit N}}$ interactions, which decays into a ${{\mathit \rho}^{0}}$ and a weakly interacting massive particle. Upper limits are given for the ratio to ${{\mathit K}_{{{L}}}}~$production for the mass range $1.2 - 5$ GeV and lifetime $10^{-9} - 10^{-4}~$s. See also our Light Gluino Section.
31  GALLAS 1995 limit is for a weakly interacting neutral particle produced in 800 GeV/$\mathit c$ ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit N}}$ interactions decaying with a lifetime of $10^{-4} - 10^{-8}~$s. See their Figs.$~$8 and 9. Similar limits are obtained for a stable particle with interaction cross section $10^{-29} - 10^{-33}$ cm${}^{2}$. See Fig.$~$10.
32  AKESSON 1991 limit is from weakly interacting neutral long-lived particles produced in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit N}}$ reaction at 450 GeV/$\mathit c$ performed at CERN$~$SPS. Bourquin-Gaillard formula is used as the production model. The above limit is for $\tau ~>~10^{-7}~$s. For $\tau ~>~10^{-9}~$s, $\sigma ~<~10^{-30}~$cm${}^{−2}$/nucleon is obtained.
33  BADIER 1986 looked for long-lived particles at 300 GeV ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ beam dump. The limit applies for nonstrongly interacting neutral or charged particles with mass $>$2 GeV. The limit applies for particle modes, ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$, ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$, ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ X, ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{\pm}}$ etc. See their figure 5 for the contours of limits in the mass-$\tau $ plane for each mode.
34  GUSTAFSON 1976 is a 300 GeV FNAL experiment looking for heavy ($\mathit m$ $>$2 GeV) long-lived neutral hadrons in the M4 neutral beam. The above typical value is for $\mathit m$ = 3 GeV and assumes an interaction cross section of 1 mb. Values as a function of mass and interaction cross section are given in figure 2.
References