# ${{\boldsymbol p}}$ MEAN LIFE INSPIRE search

A test of baryon conservation. See the ${{\mathit p}}$ Partial Mean Lives'' section below for limits for identified final states. The limits here are to anything'' or are for disappearance'' modes of a bound proton (${{\mathit p}}$) or (${{\mathit n}}$). See also the 3${{\mathit \nu}}$ modes in the Partial Mean Lives'' section. Table$~$1 of BACK 2003 is a nice summary.
LIMIT (years) PARTICLE CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
$\bf{>3.6 \times 10^{29}}$ $\bf{{{\mathit p}}}$ 90 1
 2019 A
SNO+ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ invisible
$\bf{>5.8 \times 10^{29}}$ $\bf{{{\mathit n}}}$ 90 2
 2006
KLND ${{\mathit n}}$ $\rightarrow$ invisible
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
$>2.5 \times 10^{29}$ ${{\mathit n}}$ 90 1
 2019 A
SNO+ ${{\mathit n}}$ $\rightarrow$ invisible
$>2.1 \times 10^{29}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 90 1
 2004
SNO ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ invisible
$>1.9 \times 10^{29}$ ${{\mathit n}}$ 90 1
 2004
SNO ${{\mathit n}}$ $\rightarrow$ invisible
$>1.8 \times 10^{25}$ ${{\mathit n}}$ 90 3
 2003
BORX
$>1.1 \times 10^{26}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 90 3
 2003
BORX
$>3.5 \times 10^{28}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 90 4
 2003
${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ invisible
$>1 \times 10^{28}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 90 5
 2002
SNO ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ invisible
$>4 \times 10^{23}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 95
 2001
${{\mathit d}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit n}}{+}$ ?
$>1.9 \times 10^{24}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 90 6
 2000 B
DAMA
$>1.6 \times 10^{25}$ ${{\mathit p}}$, ${{\mathit n}}$ 7, 8
 1977
$>3 \times 10^{23}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ 8
 1970
CNTR
$>3 \times 10^{23}$ ${{\mathit p}}$, ${{\mathit n}}$ 9, 8
 1958
1  AHMED 2004 and ANDERSON 2019A look for ${{\mathit \gamma}}$ rays from the de-excitation of a residual ${}^{15}\mathrm {O}{}^{*}$ or ${}^{15}\mathrm {N}{}^{*}$ following the disappearance of a neutron or proton in ${}^{16}\mathrm {O}$.
2  ARAKI 2006 looks for signs of de-excitation of the residual nucleus after disappearance of a neutron from the $\mathit s$ shell of ${}^{12}\mathrm {C}$.
3  BACK 2003 looks for decays of unstable nuclides left after ${{\mathit N}}$ decays of parent ${}^{12}\mathrm {C}$, ${}^{13}\mathrm {C}$, ${}^{16}\mathrm {O}$ nuclei. These are invisible channel'' limits.
4  ZDESENKO 2003 gets this limit on proton disappearance in deuterium by analyzing SNO data in AHMAD 2002 .
5  AHMAD 2002 (see its footnote 7) looks for neutrons left behind after the disappearance of the proton in deuterons.
6  BERNABEI 2000B looks for the decay of a ${}^{128}_{53}{}^{}\mathrm {I}$ nucleus following the disappearance of a proton in the otherwise-stable ${}^{129}_{54}{}^{}\mathrm {Xe}$ nucleus.
7  EVANS 1977 looks for the daughter nuclide ${}^{129}\mathrm {Xe}$ from possible ${}^{130}\mathrm {Te}$ decays in ancient Te ore samples.
8  This mean-life limit has been obtained from a half-life limit by dividing the latter by ln(2) = 0.693.
9  FLEROV 1958 looks for the spontaneous fission of a ${}^{232}\mathrm {Th}$ nucleus after the disappearance of one of its nucleons.
Conservation Laws:
 BARYON NUMBER
References:
 ANDERSON 2019A
PR D99 032008 Search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector
 ARAKI 2006
PRL 96 101802 Search for the Invisible Decay of Neutrons with KamLAND
 AHMED 2004
PRL 92 102004 Constraints on Nucleon Decay via Invisible'' Modes from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
 BACK 2003
PL B563 23 New Limits on Nucleon Decays into Invisible Channels with the BOREXINO Counting Test Facility (CTF-II)
 ZDESENKO 2003
PL B553 135 To what Extent does the Latest SNO Result Guarantee the Proton Stability?
DOKL 3 79 Spontaneous Fission of ${}^{232}\mathrm {Th}$ and the Stability of Nucleons