pdgLive

Quark Production Cross Section $-$ Accelerator Searches

X-SECT (cm${}^{2}$)

CHG ${\mathrm {(\mathit e/3)}}$

MASS ${\mathrm {(GeV)}}$

ENERGY ${\mathrm {(GeV)}}$

BEAM

EVTS

DOCUMENT ID

TECN

$ \text{<1.7-2.3E-39} $

$\pm2$

$100 - 600$

$7000$

${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$

0

CMS

$ \text{<14-5.4E-39} $

$\pm1$

$100 - 600$

$7000$

${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$

0

CMS

$ \text{<1.3E-36} $

$\pm2$

$45 - 84$

$130 - 172$

${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$

0

DLPH

$ \text{<2.E-35} $

$+2$

$250$

$1800$

${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$

0

CDF

$ \text{<1.E-35} $

$+4$

$250$

$1800$

${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$

0

CDF

$ \text{<3.8E-28} $

14.5A

${}^{28}\mathrm {Si}-$Pb

0

PLAS

$ \text{<3.2E-28} $

14.5A

${}^{28}\mathrm {Si}-$Cu

0

PLAS

$ \text{<1.E-40} $

$\pm1$,2

<10

${{\mathit p}},{{\mathit \nu}},{{\overline{\mathit \nu}}}$

0

CHRM

$ \text{<1.E-36} $

$\pm1$,2

<9

$200$

${{\mathit \mu}}$

0

SPEC

$ \text{<2.E-10} $

$\pm2$,4

1$-$3

$200$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<5.E-38} $

$+1$,2

>5

$300$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<1.E-33} $

$\pm1$

<20

$52$

${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$

0

SPEC

$ \text{<9.E-39} $

$\pm1$,2

<6

$400$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

SPEC

$ \text{<8.E-35} $

$+1$,2

<20

$52$

${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<5.E-38} $

$-1$,2

4$-$9

$200$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<1.E-32} $

$+2$,4

4$-$24

$52$

${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$

0

SPEC

$ \text{<5.E-31} $

$+1$,2,4

<12

$300$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<6.E-34} $

$\pm1$,2

<13

$52$

${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<1.E-36} $

$-4$

$4$

$70$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<1.E-35} $

$\pm1$,2

$2$

$28$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<4.E-37} $

$-2$

<5

$70$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<3.E-37} $

$-1$,2

2$-$5

$70$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<1.E-35} $

$+1$,2

<7

$30$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<2.E-35} $

$-2$

$<2.5-$5

$30$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<5.E-35} $

$+1$,2

<2.2

$21$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

HLBC

$ \text{<1.E-32} $

$+1$,2

<4.0

$28$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

HBC

$ \text{<1.E-35} $

$+1$,2

<2.5

$31$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

HBC

$ \text{<1.E-34} $

$+1$

<2

$28$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

CNTR

$ \text{<1.E-33} $

$+1$,2

<2.4

$24$

${{\mathit p}}$

0

HBC

¹	CHATRCHYAN 2013AR limits assume pair-produced long-lived spin-1/2 particles neutral under SU(3)$_{C}$ and SU(2)$_{L}$.

²	ABE 1992J flux limits decrease as the mass increases from 50 to 500 GeV.

³	HE 1991 limits are for charges of the form $\mathit N\pm1$/3 from 23/3 to 38/3.

⁴	Hadronic or leptonic quarks.

⁵	Cross section cm${}^{2}$/GeV${}^{2}$.

⁶	$3 \times 10^{-5}$ $<$lifetime $<1 \times 10^{-3}$ s.

⁷	Includes BOTT 1972 results.

⁸	Assumes isotropic cm production.

⁹	Cross section inferred from flux.

Except where otherwise noted, content of the 2024 Review of Particle Physics is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. The publication of the Review of Particle Physics is supported by US DOE, MEXT (Japan), INFN (Italy) and CERN. Individual collaborators receive support for their PDG activities from their respective institutes or funding agencies. © 2024. See LBNL disclaimers.