Quark Flux $-$ Cosmic Ray Searches

INSPIRE   PDGID:
S027F
Shielding values followed with an asterisk indicate altitude in km. Shielding values not followed with an asterisk indicate sea level in kg/cm${}^{2}$.
FLUX (cm${}^{-2}$sr${}^{-1}$s${}^{-1}$) CHG ${\mathrm {(\mathit e/3)}}$ MASS ${\mathrm {(GeV)}}$ SHIELDING DOCUMENT ID TECN
$ \text{< 6.2E-10} $ $\pm2$ 1
ALEMANNO
2022
DAMP
$ \text{< 1.E-8} $ $\pm{}1/6-$1/10 2
AGNESE
2015
CDMS
$ \text{<9.2E-15} $ $\pm1$ $3800$ 3
AMBROSIO
2000C
MCRO
$ \text{<2.1E-15} $ $\pm1$
MORI
1991
KAM2
$ \text{<2.3E-15} $ $\pm2$
MORI
1991
KAM2
$ \text{<2.E-10} $ +-1,2 $0.3$
WADA
1988
CNTR
$ $ $\pm4$ $0.3$ 4
WADA
1988
CNTR
$ $ $\pm4$ $0.3$ 5
WADA
1986
CNTR
$ \text{<1.E-12} $ $\pm2$,3/2 $-70.$ 6
KAWAGOE
1984B
PLAS
$ \text{<9.E-10} $ $\pm1$,2 $0.3$
WADA
1984B
CNTR
$ \text{<4.E-9} $ $\pm4$ $0.3$
WADA
1984B
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-12} $ $\pm1$,2,3 $-0.3$ $\ast{}$
MASHIMO
1983
CNTR
$ \text{<3.E-10} $ $\pm1$,2 $0.3$
MARINI
1982
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-11} $ $\pm1$,2
MASHIMO
1982
CNTR
$ \text{<8.E-10} $ $\pm1$,2 $0.3$ 6
NAPOLITANO
1982
CNTR
$ $ 7
YOCK
1978
CNTR
$ \text{<1.E-9} $ 8
BRIATORE
1976
ELEC
$ \text{<2.E-11} $ $+1$ 9
HAZEN
1975
CC
$ \text{<2.E-10} $ $+1$,2
KRISOR
1975
CNTR
$ \text{<1.E-7} $ $+1$,2 9, 10
CLARK
1974B
CC
$ \text{<3.E-10} $ $+1$ >20
KIFUNE
1974
CNTR
$ \text{<8.E-11} $ $+1$ 9
ASHTON
1973
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-8} $ $+1$,2
HICKS
1973B
CNTR
$ \text{<5.E-10} $ $+4$ $2.8$ $\ast{}$
BEAUCHAMP
1972
CNTR
$ \text{<1.E-10} $ $+1$,2 9
BOHM
1972B
CNTR
$ \text{<1.E-10} $ $+1$,2 $2.8$ $\ast{}$
COX
1972
ELEC
$ \text{<3.E-10} $ $+2$
CROUCH
1972
CNTR
$ \text{<3.E-8} $ $7$ 8
DARDO
1972
CNTR
$ \text{<4.E-9} $ $+1$ 9
EVANS
1972
CC
$ \text{<2.E-9} $ >10 8
TONWAR
1972
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-10} $ $+1$ $2.8$ $\ast{}$
CHIN
1971
CNTR
$ \text{<3.E-10} $ $+1$,2 9
CLARK
1971B
CC
$ \text{<1.E-10} $ $+1$,2 9
HAZEN
1971
CC
$ \text{<5.E-10} $ $+1$,2 $3.5$ $\ast{}$
BOSIA
1970
CNTR
$ $ $+1$,2 <6.5 9
CHU
1970
HLBC
$ \text{<2.E-9} $ $+1$
FAISSNER
1970B
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-10} $ $+1$,2 $0.8$ $\ast{}$
KRIDER
1970
CNTR
$ \text{<5.E-11} $ $+2$
CAIRNS
1969
CC
$ \text{<8.E-10} $ $+1$,2 <10
FUKUSHIMA
1969
CNTR
$ $ $+2$ 9, 11
MCCUSKER
1969
CC
$ \text{<1.E-10} $ >5 $1.7,3.6$ 8
BJORNBOE
1968
CNTR
$ \text{<1.E-8} $ $\pm1$,2,4 $6.3,.2$ $\ast{}$ 6
BRIATORE
1968
CNTR
$ \text{<3.E-8} $ >2
FRANZINI
1968
CNTR
$ \text{<9.E-11} $ $\pm1$,2
GARMIRE
1968
CNTR
$ \text{<4.E-10} $ $\pm1$
HANAYAMA
1968
CNTR
$ \text{<3.E-8} $ >15
KASHA
1968
OSPK
$ \text{<2.E-10} $ $+2$
KASHA
1968B
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-10} $ $+4$
KASHA
1968C
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-10} $ $+2$ $6$
BARTON
1967
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-7} $ $+4$ $0.008,0.5$ $\ast{}$
BUHLER
1967
CNTR
$ \text{<5.E-10} $ 1,2 $0.008,0.5$ $\ast{}$
BUHLER
1967B
CNTR
$ \text{<4.E-10} $ $+1$,2
GOMEZ
1967
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-9} $ $+2$
KASHA
1967
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-10} $ $+2$ $220$
BARTON
1966
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-9} $ $+1$,2 $0.5$ $\ast{}$
BUHLER
1966
CNTR
$ \text{<3.E-9} $ $+1$,2
KASHA
1966
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-9} $ $+1$,2
LAMB
1966
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-8} $ $+1$,2 >7 $2.8$ $\ast{}$
DELISE
1965
CNTR
$ \text{<5.E-8} $ $+2$ >2.5 $0.5$ $\ast{}$
MASSAM
1965
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-8} $ $+1$ $2.5$ $\ast{}$
BOWEN
1964
CNTR
$ \text{<2.E-7} $ $+1$ $0.8$
SUNYAR
1964
CNTR
1  ALEMANNO 2022 uses data from the DAMPE satellite, with calorimetry and tracking to search for fractionally charged particles with $\mathit q$ =$\pm{}2/3\mathit e$ with a exposure time of $2.3 \times 10^{7}$ s.
2  See AGNESE 2015 Fig.6 for limits on vertical density as function of charge extending to $\vert $q$\vert $/e $<$ 1/10.
3  AMBROSIO 2000C limit is below $11 \times 10^{-15}$ for $0.25<\mathit q/e<0.5$, and is changing rapidly near $\mathit q/e$=2/3, where it is $2 \times 10^{-14}$.
4  Distribution in celestial sphere was described as anisotropic.
5  With telescope axis at zenith angle 40$^\circ{}$ to the south.
6  Leptonic quarks.
7  Lifetime $>10^{-8}$ s; charge $\pm0.70$, 0.68, 0.42; and mass $>$4.4, 4.8, and 20 GeV, respectively.
8  Time delayed air shower search.
9  Prompt air shower search.
10  Also $\mathit e$/4 and $\mathit e$/6 charges.
11  No events in subsequent experiments.
References