Quark Density $-$ Matter Searches

INSPIRE   PDGID:
S027RHO
QUARKS/ NUCLEON CHG ${\mathrm {(\mathit e/3)}}$ MASS ${\mathrm {(GeV)}}$ MATERIAL/METHOD EVTS DOCUMENT ID
$ \text{<1.17E-22} $ silicone oil drops 0 1
LEE
2002
$ \text{<4.71E-22} $ silicone oil drops 1 2
HALYO
2000
$ \text{<4.7E-21} $ $\pm1$,2 silicone oil drops 0
MAR
1996
$ \text{<8.E-22} $ $+2$ ${}^{}\mathrm {Si}$/infrared photoionization 0
PERERA
1993
$ \text{<5.E-27} $ $\pm1$,2 sea water/levitation 0
HOMER
1992
$ \text{<4.E-20} $ $\pm1$,2 meteorites/mag. levitation 0
JONES
1989
$ \text{<1.E-19} $ $\pm1$,2 various/spectrometer 0
MILNER
1987
$ \text{<5.E-22} $ $\pm1$,2 ${}^{}\mathrm {W}$/levitation 0
SMITH
1987
$ \text{<3.E-20} $ $+1$,2 org liq/droplet tower 0
VANPOLEN
1987
$ \text{<6.E-20} $ $-1$,2 org liq/droplet tower 0
VANPOLEN
1987
$ \text{<3.E-21} $ $\pm1$ ${}^{}\mathrm {Hg}$ drops-untreated 0
SAVAGE
1986
$ \text{<3.E-22} $ $\pm1$,2 levitated niobium 0
SMITH
1986
$ \text{<2.E-26} $ $\pm1$,2 ${}^{4}\mathrm {He}$/levitation 0
SMITH
1986B
$ \text{<2.E-20} $ >+-1 $0.2-$250 niobium+tungs/ion 0
MILNER
1985
$ \text{<1.E-21} $ $\pm1$ levitated niobium 0
SMITH
1985
$ $ $+1$,2 <100 niobium/mass spec 0
KUTSCHERA
1984
$ \text{<5.E-22} $ levitated steel 0
MARINELLI
1984
$ \text{<9.E-20} $ $\pm{}<$13 water/oil drop 0
JOYCE
1983
$ \text{<2.E-21} $ $>\vert \pm1/2\vert $ levitated steel 0
LIEBOWITZ
1983
$ \text{<1.E-19} $ $\pm1$,2 photo ion spec 0
VANDESTEEG
1983
$ \text{<2.E-20} $ mercury/oil drop 0 3
HODGES
1981
$ \text{1.E-20} $ $+1$ levitated niobium 4 4
LARUE
1981
$ \text{1.E-20} $ $-1$ levitated niobium 4 4
LARUE
1981
$ \text{<1.E-21} $ levitated steel 0
MARINELLI
1980B
$ \text{<6.E-16} $ helium/mass spec 0
BOYD
1979
$ \text{1.E-20} $ $+1$ levitated niobium 2 4
LARUE
1979
$ \text{<4.E-28} $ earth+/ion beam 0
OGORODNIKOV
1979
$ \text{<5.E-15} $ $+1$ tungs./mass spec 0
BOYD
1978
$ \text{<5.E-16} $ $+3$ <1.7 hydrogen/mass spec 0
BOYD
1978B
$ \text{<1.E-21} $ $\pm2$,4 water/ion beam 0
LUND
1978
$ \text{<6.E-15} $ $>$1/2 levitated tungsten 0
PUTT
1978
$ \text{<1.E-22} $ metals/mass spec 0
SCHIFFER
1978
$ \text{<5.E-15} $ levitated tungsten ox 0
BLAND
1977
$ \text{<3.E-21} $ levitated iron 0
GALLINARO
1977
$ \text{2.E-21} $ $-1$ levitated niobium 1 4
LARUE
1977
$ \text{4.E-21} $ $+1$ levitated niobium 2 4
LARUE
1977
$ \text{<1.E-13} $ $+3$ <7.7 hydrogen/mass spec 0
MULLER
1977
$ \text{<5.E-27} $ water+/ion beam 0
OGORODNIKOV
1977
$ \text{<1.E-21} $ lunar+/ion spec 0
STEVENS
1976
$ \text{<1.E-15} $ $+1$ <60 oxygen+/ion spec 0
ELBERT
1970
$ \text{<5.E-19} $ levitated graphite 0
MORPURGO
1970
$ \text{<5.E-23} $ water+/atom beam 0
COOK
1969
$ \text{<1.E-17} $ $\pm1$,2 levitated graphite 0
BRAGINSK
1968
$ \text{<1.E-17} $ water+/uv spec 0
RANK
1968
$ \text{<3.E-19} $ $\pm1$ levitated iron 0
STOVER
1967
$ \text{<1.E-10} $ sun/uv spec 0 5
BENNETT
1966
$ \text{<1.E-17} $ $+1$,2 meteorites+/ion beam 0
CHUPKA
1966
$ \text{<1.E-16} $ $\pm1$ levitated graphite 0
GALLINARO
1966
$ \text{<1.E-22} $ argon/electrometer 0
HILLAS
1959
$ $ $-2$ levitated oil 0
MILLIKAN
1910
1  95$\%$ CL limit for fractional charge particles with 0.18$\mathit e{}\leq{}\vert Q_{residual}\vert {}\leq{}0.82\mathit e$ in total of 70.1 mg of silicone oil.
2  95$\%$ CL limit for particles with fractional charge $\vert Q_{residual}\vert >$0.16e in total of 17.4~mg of silicone oil.
3  Also set limits for $\mathit Q$ = $\pm{}\mathit e$/6.
4  Note that in PHILLIPS 1988 these authors report a subtle magnetic effect which could account for the apparent fractional charges.
5  Limit inferred by JONES 1977B.
References