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¹	ADHIKARI 2022B search for sub-GeV WIMPs via SI and SD detection; no signal detected; limits placed in m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) vs. ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$): $0.2 - 3$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 1 GeV.

²	ARMENGAUD 2022 search for GeV-scale DM scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}$ at EDELWEISS via Migdal effect; no signal observed; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(DM) plane; quoted limit is for m(DM) = 100 MeV.

³	CUI 2022 search for sub-GeV boosted DM at PandaX-II at CJPL; no signal detected; limits set in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit p}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane; quoted limit for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 0.1 GeV.

⁴	XU 2022 search for sub-GeV boosted DM in CDEX; no signal observed; limits placed in ${\mathit \sigma (}$ ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}{)}$ vs. m(DM) plane; quoted limit is for m(DM) = 0.1 GeV.

⁵	AKERIB 2021A present new technique for low mass WIMP detection. Require ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit \chi}}$ ) $<$ $2 \times 10^{-7}$ pb for m(WIMP) 10 GeV.

⁶	ALKHATIB 2021 search for light DM using SuperCDMS; require ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit \chi}}$ ) $<$ $5 \times 10^{6}$ for m(DM) = 0.1 GeV.

⁷	ANDRIAMIRADO 2021A search for upscattered (boosted) sub-GeV DM interacting with proton in PROSPECT detector. No signal observed. Limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(DM) plane for m(DM) $\sim{}$ 1 keV $−$ 0.5 GeV. The listed limit is for m(DM) = 1 keV.

⁸	APRILE 2021 search for low recoil energy GeV-scale DM in XENON1T with 1.6 keV threshold. No signal in 0.6 t y exposure. Limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(DM) plane for m(DM) between $3 - 12$ GeV. The listed limit is for m(DM) = 5 GeV.

⁹	AGUILAR-AREVALO 2020C search for WIMP SI scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Si}$ using DAMIC at SNOLab; some excess; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ vs m(DM) for m(DM) in $1.2 - 10$ GeV; quoted limit for m(WIMP) = 2 GeV.

¹⁰	AKERIB 2020A search for GeV-scale WIMPs via WIMP-nucleon scatter with single photon emission; no signal; limits placed in m(WIMP) vs ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$ plane: for example ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit n}}$ ) $<$ $8 \times 10^{-4}$ pb for m(WIMP) = 2.5 GeV.

¹¹	ABDELHAMEED 2019A search for GeV scale dark matter SI scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {CaWO}_{4}$; no signal, limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ vs. mass plane for m(DM) $\sim{}$ $0.1 - 10$ GeV. The listed limit is for m(DM) = 1 GeV.

¹²	AGNESE 2019A search for $1.5 - 10$ GeV WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}$ in CDMSlite dataset. Limits set in a likelihood analysis. No signal was observed. Limit reported for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

¹³

AKERIB 2019 search for $0.4 - 5$ GeV DM using bremsstrahlung photons and "Migdal" electrons; $1.4 \times 10^{4}$ kg d exposure of liquid ${}^{}\mathrm {Xe}$; constraint ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) $<$ 1 pb for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV in light scalar mediator model.

¹⁴	AMOLE 2019 search for SI WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {C}_{3}{}^{}\mathrm {F}_{8}$ in PICO-60 bubble chamber; no signal: set limit for spin independent coupling ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) $<$ $1 \times 10^{-6}$ pb for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

¹⁵	APRILE 2019C search for light DM scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Xe}$ via atomic excitation, ionization (Migdal effect) or bremsstrahlung; no signal, limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ vs. m(DM) plane for m(DM) $\sim{}$ $0.085 - 2$ GeV. The listed limit is for m(DM) = 1 GeV.

¹⁶	APRILE 2019D search for light DM scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Xe}$ via ionization to probe SI, SD, and ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit e}}$ cross sections; with 22 t d exposure, limits placed in various ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ vs. m(DM) planes. Quoted limit is for m(DM) = 5 GeV.

¹⁷	ARMENGAUD 2019 search for GeV scale WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}$; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $0.045 - 10$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

¹⁸	KOBAYASHI 2019 search for sub-GeV WIMP annual modulation in ${}^{}\mathrm {Xe}$ via brems; no signal; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m $\sim{}$ $0.3 - 1$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 0.5 GeV.

¹⁹	LIU 2019B seach for sub-GeV DM using Migdal effect on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}$ at CDEX-IB; no signal, require ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) $<$ $700$ pb for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 0.1 GeV.

²⁰	AGNES 2018 search for $1.8 - 20$ GeV WIMP SI scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ar}$; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

²¹	AGNESE 2018 search for GeV scale WIMPs using CDMSlite; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m $\sim{}$ $1.5 - 20$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

²²	APRILE 2018 search for WIMP scatter on 1 t yr ${}^{}\mathrm {Xe}$; no signal, limits set in ${{\mathit \sigma}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $6 - 1000$ GeV; quoted limit is for m = 6 GeV.

²³	ARNAUD 2018 search for low mass WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ne}$ via SPC at NEWS-G; limits set in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m $\sim{}$ $0.5 - 20$ GeV; quoted limit is for m = 5 GeV.

²⁴	JIANG 2018 search for GeV scale WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}$; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $3 - 10$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

²⁵	YANG 2018 search for WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}$; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $2 - 10$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

²⁶	AKERIB 2017 search for WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Xe}$; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $5 - 1 \times 10^{5}$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

²⁷

ANGLOHER 2017A search for GeV scale WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Al}_{2}{}^{}\mathrm {O}_{3}$ crystal; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $0.15 - 10$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

²⁸	ANGLOHER 2016 search for GeV scale WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {CaWO}_{4}$; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $0.5 - 30$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

²⁹	APRILE 2016 search for low mass WIMPs via ionization at XENON100; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}}{}^{SI}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m $\sim{}$ $3.5 - 20$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

³⁰	ARMENGAUD 2016 search for GeV scale WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}$; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $4 - 30$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

³¹

HEHN 2016 search for low mass WIMPs via SI scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}$ target using profile likelihood analysis; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $4 - 30$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

³²	ZHAO 2016 search for GeV-scale WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}$; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $4 - 30$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

³³

AMOLE 2015 search for WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {C}_{3}{}^{}\mathrm {F}_{8}$ in PICO-2L; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $4 - 25$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

³⁴	XIAO 2015 search for WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Xe}$ with PandaX-I; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $5 - 100$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

³⁵	AGNESE 2014 search for GeV scale WIMPs SI scatter at SuperCDMS; no signal, limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $3.5 - 30$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

³⁶	AKERIB 2014 search for WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Xe}$; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $5 - 5000$ GeV. Limit given for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

³⁷	LI 2013B search for WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}$; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $4 - 100$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

³⁸	ARCHAMBAULT 2012 search for low mass WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {C}_{4}{}^{}\mathrm {F}_{10}$; limits set in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m $\sim{}$ $4 - 12$ GeV; quoted limit is for m = 5 GeV.

³⁹	AALSETH 2011 search for GeV-scale SI WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}$; limits placed on ${{\mathit \sigma}}{}^{SI}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $3.5 - 100$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

⁴⁰	AHMED 2011B search for GeV scale WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}$ in CDMS II; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SD}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit n}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m $\sim{}$ $4 - 12$ GeV.

⁴¹	ANGLE 2011 search for GeV scale WIMPs in Xenon-10; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}^{SI}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) $\sim{}$ $4 - 20$ GeV; quoted limit is for m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) = 5 GeV.

⁴²	AKERIB 2010 search for WIMP scatter on ${}^{}\mathrm {Ge}/{}^{}\mathrm {Si}$ in CDMS II; limits place in ${{\mathit \sigma}_{{{SI}}}}$( ${{\mathit \chi}}{{\mathit N}}$ ) vs. m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for m $\sim{}$ $3 - 100$ GeV. Limit given for m(DM) = 5 GeV.

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ADHIKARI

2022B

PR D105 042006

Searching for low-mass dark matter via the Migdal effect in COSINE-100

ARMENGAUD

2022

PR D106 062004

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CUI

2022

PRL 128 171801

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2022

PR D106 052008

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AKERIB

2021A

PR D104 012011

Improving sensitivity to low-mass dark matter in LUX using a novel electrode background mitigation technique

ALKHATIB

2021

PRL 127 061801

Light Dark Matter Search with a High-Resolution Athermal Phonon Detector Operated Above Ground

ANDRIAMIRADO

2021A

PR D104 012009

Limits on sub-GeV dark matter from the PROSPECT reactor antineutrino experiment

APRILE

2021

PRL 126 091301

Search for Coherent Elastic Scattering of Solar $^8$B Neutrinos in the XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment

AGUILAR-AREVALO

2020C

PRL 125 241803

Results on low-mass weakly interacting massive particles from a 11 kg-day target exposure of DAMIC at SNOLAB

AKERIB

2020A

PR D101 042001

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ABDELHAMEED

2019A

PR D100 102002

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AGNESE

2019A

PR D99 062001

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AKERIB

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PRL 122 131301

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AMOLE

2019

PR D100 022001

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APRILE

2019D

PRL 123 251801

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APRILE

2019C

PRL 123 241803

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ARMENGAUD

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PR D99 082003

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KOBAYASHI

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PL B795 308

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LIU

2019B

PRL 123 161301

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AGNES

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PRL 121 081307

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AGNESE

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PR D97 022002

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APRILE

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PRL 121 111302

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ARNAUD

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ASP 97 54

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JIANG

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PRL 120 241301

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CP C42 023002

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AKERIB

2017

PRL 118 021303

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ANGLOHER

2017A

EPJ C77 637

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ANGLOHER

2016

EPJ C76 25

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APRILE

2016

PR D94 092001

Low-Mass Dark Matter Search using Ionization Signals in XENON100

ARMENGAUD

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JCAP 1605 019

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HEHN

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EPJ C76 548

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ZHAO

2016

PR D93 092003

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AMOLE

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PRL 114 231302

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XIAO

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PR D92 052004

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AGNESE

2014

PRL 112 241302

Search for Low-Mass Weakly Interacting Massive Particles with SuperCDMS

AKERIB

2014

PRL 112 091303

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2013B

PRL 110 261301

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ARCHAMBAULT

2012

PL B711 153

Constraints on Low-Mass WIMP Interactions on ${}^{19}\mathrm {F}$ from PICASSO

AALSETH

2011

PRL 106 131301

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AHMED

2011B

PRL 106 131302

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ANGLE

2011

PRL 107 051301

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Also

PRL 110 249901 (errat.)

Erratum ANGLE 2011 : Search for Light Dark Matter in XENON10 Data

AKERIB

2010

PR D82 122004

Low-Threshold Analysis of CDMS Shallow-Site Data

Except where otherwise noted, content of the 2023 Review of Particle Physics is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. The publication of the Review of Particle Physics is supported by US DOE, MEXT (Japan), INFN (Italy), JPS and CERN. Individual collaborators receive support for their PDG activities from their respective institutes or funding agencies. © 2023. See LBNL disclaimers.

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