# ($\Gamma _{{{\boldsymbol D}_{{1}}^{0}}}$ $-$ $\Gamma _{{{\boldsymbol D}_{{2}}^{0}}})/\Gamma$ = 2$\boldsymbol y$ INSPIRE search

The ${{\mathit D}_{{1}}^{0}}$ and ${{\mathit D}_{{2}}^{0}}$ are the mass eigenstates of the ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ meson, as described in the note on ${{\mathit D}^{0}}-{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ Mixing,'' above.

Due to the strong phase difference between ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ , we exclude from the average those measurements of ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ that are inferred from the ${{\mathit D}^{0}}-{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ mixing ratio $\Gamma$( ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ via ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$) $/$ $\Gamma$( ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ ) given near the end of this ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ Listings.

Some early results have been omitted. See our 2006 $\mathit Review$ (Journal of Physics G33 1 (2006)).

OUR EVALUATION'' comes from CPV allowing averages provided by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group, see the note on ${{\mathit D}^{0}}-{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ Mixing.''
VALUE ($10^{-2}$) EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
$\bf{ 1.29 {}^{+0.14}_{-0.18}}$ OUR EVALUATION
$\bf{ 1.10 \pm0.19}$ OUR AVERAGE  Error includes scale factor of 1.2.
$1.92$ $\pm1.82$ ${}^{+1.29}_{-1.24}$ 91k 1
 2020
BELL ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}_S^0}$ ${{\mathit \omega}}$
$1.14$ $\pm0.26$ $\pm0.18$ 2
 2019
LHCB ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ at 7, 8 TeV
$1.48$ $\pm0.74$ 2.3M 3
 2019 X
LHCB ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}_S^0}$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$
4
 2018 K
LHCB ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ at 7, 8, 13 TeV
$0.06$ $\pm0.92$ $\pm0.26$ 5
 2016 V
LHCB ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ at 7 TeV
$0.4$ $\pm1.8$ $\pm1.0$ 6
 2016 D
BABR ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , 10.6 GeV
$2.22$ $\pm0.44$ $\pm0.18$ 7
 2016
BELL ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Upsilon}{(nS)}}$
$-4.0$ $\pm2.6$ $\pm1.4$ 8
 2015 D
BES3 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ at ${{\mathit \psi}{(3770)}}$
9
 2014
BELL ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Upsilon}{(nS)}}$
$0.60$ $\pm0.30$ ${}^{+0.10}_{-0.17}$ 10
 2014
BELL ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Upsilon}{(nS)}}$
11
 2013 AE
CDF ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ at 1.96 TeV
$1.44$ $\pm0.36$ $\pm0.24$ 12
 2013
BABR ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Upsilon}{(4S)}}$
$0.55$ $\pm0.63$ $\pm0.41$ 13
 2012 K
LHCB ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ at 7 TeV
$1.14$ $\pm0.40$ $\pm0.30$ 14
 2010 D
BABR ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , 10.6 GeV
$0.22$ $\pm1.22$ $\pm1.04$ 15
 2009
BELL ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\approx{}{{\mathit \Upsilon}{(4S)}}$
$-1.0$ $\pm2.0$ ${}^{+1.4}_{-1.6}$ 18k 16
 2002 I
BELL ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\approx{}{{\mathit \Upsilon}{(4S)}}$
$-2.4$ $\pm5.0$ $\pm2.8$ 3393 17
 2002
CLE2 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\approx{}{{\mathit \Upsilon}{(4S)}}$
$6.84$ $\pm2.78$ $\pm1.48$ 10k 16
 2000
FOCS ${{\mathit \gamma}}$ nucleus
$+1.6$ $\pm5.8$ $\pm2.1$ 16
 1999 E
E791 ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ , ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
18
 2017 AO
LHCB Repl. by AAIJ 2018K
19
 2013 CE
LHCB Repl. by AAIJ 2017AO
20
 2013 N
LHCB Repl. by AAIJ 2013CE
$2.32$ $\pm0.44$ $\pm0.36$ 21
 2009 AI
BABR See LEES 2013
$-0.12$ ${}^{+1.10}_{-1.28}$ $\pm0.68$ 22
 2009 AN
BABR ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ at 10.58 GeV
$1.4$ ${}^{+4.8}_{-5.4}$ 23
 2009
CLEO ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ at ${{\mathit \psi}{(3770)}}$
$1.70$ $\pm1.52$ $12.7$ $\pm0.3$k 24
 2008 E
CDF ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ , $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV
$2.06$ $\pm0.66$ $\pm0.38$ 25
 2008 U
BABR
$1.94$ $\pm0.88$ $\pm0.62$ $4030$ $\pm90$ 24
 2007 W
BABR ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\approx{}$ 10.6 GeV
$2.62$ $\pm0.64$ $\pm0.50$ 160k 26
 2007
BELL Repl. by STARIC 2016
$0.74$ $\pm0.50$ ${}^{+0.20}_{-0.31}$ 534k 27
 2007 B
BELL Repl. by PENG 2014
$-0.7$ $\pm4.9$ 4k$\pm88$ 28, 24
 2006
BELL ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
$-3.0$ ${}^{+5.0}_{-4.8}$ ${}^{+1.6}_{-0.8}$ 27
 2005
CLEO ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\approx{}$ 10 GeV
$-0.3$ $\pm5.7$ 28, 24
 2005 A
BELL See ZHANG 2006
$-5.2$ ${}^{+18.4}_{-16.8}$ 28, 24
 2005 H
FOCS ${{\mathit \gamma}}$ nucleus
$1.6$ $\pm0.8$ ${}^{+1.0}_{-0.8}$ 450k 29
 2003 P
BABR See AUBERT 2008U
$1.6$ ${}^{+6.2}_{-12.8}$ 28, 24
 2003 Z
BABR ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , 10.6~GeV
$-5.0$ ${}^{+2.8}_{-3.2}$ $\pm0.6$ 24
 2000
CLE2 ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$
1  NAYAK 2020 reports $0.0192$ $\pm0.0182$ $\pm0.0124$ ${}^{+0.0034}_{-0.0000}$ where the last uncertainty is due to possible presence of $\mathit CP$-even decays in the data sample. Extracts $\mathit y_{CP}=(\Gamma _{CP+}$ $−$ $\Gamma _{CP-}$) $/$ ($\Gamma _{CP+}$ + $\Gamma _{CP-}$) in ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}_S^0}$ ${{\mathit \omega}}$ versus ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}_S^0}$ ${{\mathit \omega}}$ , by measuring the decay lifetime of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}_S^0}$ ${{\mathit \omega}}$ with ${{\mathit \omega}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$ versus ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ . We list 2$\mathit y_{CP}$ = 2$\mathit y$ (= $\Delta \Gamma /\Gamma$) in the absence of $\mathit CP$ violation.
2  Based on 3 fb${}^{-1}$ of data collected at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7, 8 TeV. Measures the lifetime difference between ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit K}^{+}}$ and ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ ($\mathit CP~$even) decays and ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ ($\mathit CP~$mixed) decays, or $\mathit y_{\mathit CP}=(\Gamma _{CP+}$ $−$ $\Gamma _{CP-}$) $/$ ($\Gamma _{CP+}$ + $\Gamma _{CP-}$). The ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ mesons are required to originate from semimuonic decays of ${{\mathit B}}$ mesons. We list 2$\mathit y_{\mathit CP}$ = $\Delta \Gamma /\Gamma$.
3  AAIJ 2019X ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ come from ${{\mathit D}^{*+}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit B}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit D}^{0}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}{{\mathit X}}$ decays (and c.c.) in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at 7 and 8 TeV. Measurement allows for $\mathit CP$ violation (none seen).
4  The result was established with ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ from prompt and secondary ${{\mathit D}^{*}}$. Based on 5 fb${}^{-1}$ of data collected at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7, 8, 13 TeV. Assumes no $\mathit CP$ violation. Reported ${{\mathit x}^{'2}}$ = ($3.9$ $\pm2.7$) $\times 10^{-5}$ and ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ = $0.00528$ $\pm0.00052$, where ${{\mathit x}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit x}}$ cos($\delta$) + ${{\mathit y}}$ sin($\delta$), ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit y}}$ cos($\delta$) $−$ ${{\mathit x}}$ sin($\delta$) and $\delta$ is the strong phase between the ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ .
5  Model-independent measurement of the charm mixing parameters in the decay ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}_S^0}$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ using 1.0 ${\mathrm {fb}}{}^{-1}$ of LHCb data at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV.
6  Time-dependent amplitude analysis of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$ .
7  An improved measurement of ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}−{{\mathit D}^{0}}$ mixing and a search for $\mathit CP$ violation in ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ decays to $\mathit CP$-even final states ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$ and ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ using the final Belle data sample of 976 fb${}^{-1}$.
8  ABLIKIM 2015D uses quantum correlations in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit D}^{0}}{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ at the ${{\mathit \psi}{(3770)}}$.
9  Based on 976 fb${}^{-1}$ of data collected at ${{\mathit Y}{(nS)}}$ resonances. Assumes no $\mathit CP$ violation. Reported ${{\mathit x}^{'2}}$ = $0.00009$ $\pm0.00022$ and ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ = $0.0046$ $\pm0.0034$, where ${{\mathit x}^{\,'}}$ = x$~$cos($\delta$) + y$~$sin($\delta$), ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ = y$~$cos($\delta$) $−$ x$~$sin($\delta$) and $\delta$ is the strong phase between ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ .
10  The time-dependent Dalitz-plot analysis of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}_S^0}$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ is emplored. Decay-time information and interference on the Dalitz plot are used to distinguish doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays from mixing and to measure the relative phase between ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{*+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{*+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ . This value allows $\mathit CP$ violation and is sensitive to the sign of $\Delta \mathit m$.
11  Based on 9.6 fb${}^{-1}$ of data collected at the Tevatron. Assumes no $\mathit CP$ violation. Reported ${{\mathit x}^{'2}}$ = $0.00008$ $\pm0.00018$ and ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ = $0.0043$ $\pm0.0043$, where ${{\mathit x}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit x}}$ cos($\delta$) + ${{\mathit y}}$ sin($\delta$), ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit y}}$ cos($\delta$) $−$ ${{\mathit x}}$ sin($\delta$) and $\delta$ is the strong phase between the ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ .
12  Obtained ${{\mathit y}_{{CP}}}$ = ($0.72$ $\pm0.18$ $\pm0.12)\%$ based on three effective ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ lifetimes measured in ${{\mathit K}^{\mp}}{{\mathit \pi}^{\pm}}$ , ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit K}^{+}}$ , and ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ . We list 2${{\mathit y}_{{CP}}}$ = $\Delta \Gamma /\Gamma$.
13  Compared the lifetimes of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ decay to the $\mathit CP$ eigenstate ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$ with ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ decay to ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$ . The values here assume no $\mathit CP$ violation.
14  DEL-AMO-SANCHEZ 2010D uses 540,800$\pm800$ ${{\mathit K}_S^0}$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ and 79,900$\pm300$ ${{\mathit K}_S^0}$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$ events in a time-dependent amplitude analyses of the ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ Dalitz plots. No evidence was found for $\mathit CP$ violation, and the values here assume no such violation.
15  ZUPANC 2009 uses a method based on measuring the mean decay time of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}_S^0}$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$ events for different ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$ mass intervals.
16  LINK 2000 , AITALA 1999E, and ABE 2002I measure the lifetime difference between ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit K}^{+}}$ ($\mathit CP~$even) decays and ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ ($\mathit CP~$mixed) decays, or $\mathit y_{\mathit CP}$= [$\Gamma\mathrm {(\mathit CP+)}−\Gamma\mathrm {(\mathit CP−)}]/[\Gamma\mathrm {(\mathit CP+)}+\Gamma\mathrm {(\mathit CP−)}$]. We list 2$\mathit y_{\mathit CP}=\Delta \Gamma /\Gamma$.
17  CSORNA 2002 measures the lifetime difference between ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit K}^{+}}$ and ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ ($\mathit CP~$even) decays and ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ ($\mathit CP~$mixed) decays, or $\mathit y_{\mathit CP}$= [$\Gamma\mathrm {(\mathit CP+)}−\Gamma\mathrm {(\mathit CP−)}]/[\Gamma\mathrm {(\mathit CP+)}+\Gamma\mathrm {(\mathit CP−)}$]. We list 2$\mathit y_{\mathit CP}=\Delta \Gamma /\Gamma$.
18  The result was established with ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ from prompt and secondary ${{\mathit D}^{*}}$. Based on 3 fb${}^{-1}$ of data collected at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7, 8 TeV. Assumes no $\mathit CP$ violation. Reported ${{\mathit x}^{'2}}$ = ($3.6$ $\pm4.3$) $\times 10^{-5}$ and ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ = $0.00523$ $\pm0.00084$, where ${{\mathit x}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit x}}$ cos($\delta$) + ${{\mathit y}}$ sin($\delta$), ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit y}}$ cos($\delta$) $−$ ${{\mathit x}}$ sin($\delta$) and $\delta$ is the strong phase between the ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ .
19  Based on 3 fb${}^{-1}$ of data collected at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7, 8 TeV. Assumes no $\mathit CP$ violation. Reported ${{\mathit x}^{'2}}$ = ($5.5$ $\pm4.9$) $\times 10^{-4}$ and ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ = $0.0048$ $\pm0.0010$, where ${{\mathit x}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit x}}$ cos($\delta$) + ${{\mathit y}}$ sin($\delta$), ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit y}}$ cos($\delta$) $−$ ${{\mathit x}}$ sin($\delta$) and $\delta$ is the strong phase between the ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ .
20  Based on 1 fb${}^{-1}$ of data collected at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV in 2011. Assumes no $\mathit CP$ violation. Reported ${{\mathit x}^{'2}}$ = ($-0.9$ $\pm1.3$) $\times 10^{-4}$ and ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ = $0.0072$ $\pm0.0024$, where ${{\mathit x}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit x}}$ cos($\delta$) + ${{\mathit y}}$ sin($\delta$), ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit y}}$ cos($\delta$) $−$ ${{\mathit x}}$ sin($\delta$) and $\delta$ is the strong phase between the ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ .
21  This combines the $\mathit y_{CP}$ = (${\mathit \tau}_{ {{\mathit K}} {{\mathit \pi}} }/{\mathit \tau}_{ {{\mathit K}} {{\mathit K}} })−$1 using untagged ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ and ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit K}^{+}}$ events of AUBERT 2009AI with the disjoint $\mathit y_{CP}$ using tagged ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ , ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit K}^{+}}$ , and ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ events of AUBERT 2008U.
22  The AUBERT 2009AN values are inferred from the branching ratio given near the end of this Listings. Mixing is distinguished from DCS decays using decay-time information. Interference between mixing and DCS is allowed. The phase between ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$ is assumed to be small. The width difference here is ${{\mathit y}^{''}}$, which is not the same as ${{\mathit y}_{{CP}}}$ in the note on ${{\mathit D}^{0}}--{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ mixing.
23  LOWREY 2009 uses quantum correlations in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit D}^{0}}{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ at the ${{\mathit \psi}{(3770)}}$. See below for coherence factors and average relative strong phases for both ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$ and ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$2 ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ . A fit that includes external measurements of charm mixing parameters gets 2$\mathit y$ = $0.0162$ $\pm0.0032$.
24  The GODANG 2000 , AUBERT 2003Z, LINK 2005H, LI 2005A, ZHANG 2006 , AUBERT 2007W, and AALTONEN 2008E limits are inferred from the ${{\mathit D}^{0}}-{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ mixing ratio $\Gamma\mathrm {( {{\mathit K}^{+}} {{\mathit \pi}^{-}} (via {{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}))}/\Gamma\mathrm {( {{\mathit K}^{-}} {{\mathit \pi}^{+}} )}$ given near the end of this ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ Listings. Decay-time information is used to distinguish DCS decays from ${{\mathit D}^{0}}-{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ mixing. The limits allow interference between the DCS and mixing ratios, and all except AUBERT 2007W and AALTONEN 2008E also allow $\mathit CP$ violation. The phase between ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ is assumed to be small. This is a measurement of ${{\mathit y}^{\,'}}$ and is not the same as the $\mathit y_{\mathit CP}$ of our note above on ${{\mathit D}^{0}}-{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ Mixing.''
25  This value combines the results of AUBERT 2008U and AUBERT 2003P.
26  STARIC 2007 compares the lifetimes of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ decay to the $\mathit CP$ eigenstates ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$ and ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ with ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ decay to ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ .
27  The ASNER 2005 and ZHANG 2007B values are from the time-dependent Dalitz-plot analysis of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}_S^0}$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ . Decay-time information and interference on the Dalitz plot are used to distinguish doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays from mixing and to measure the relative phase between ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{*+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{*+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ . This limit allows $\mathit CP$ violation.
28  The ranges of AUBERT 2003Z, LINK 2005H, LI 2005A, and ZHANG 2006 measurements are for 95$\%$ confidence level.
29  AUBERT 2003P measures Y${}\equiv$ 2 ${{\mathit \tau}^{0}}$ $/$ (${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}$ + ${{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$) $\text{-}$ 1, where ${{\mathit \tau}^{0}}$ is the ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ (and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ ) lifetime, and ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}$ and ${{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ are the ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ and ${{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ lifetimes to $\mathit CP$-even states (here ${{\mathit K}^{-}}{{\mathit K}^{+}}$ and ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{+}}$ ). In the limit of $\mathit CP$ conservation, Y~=~y${}\equiv\Delta \Gamma$ $/$ 2 $\Gamma$ (we list 2y = $\Delta \Gamma /\Gamma$). AUBERT 2003P also uses ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}\text{-}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$ to get $\Delta$Y = $-0.008$ $\pm0.006$ $\pm0.002$.
Conservation Laws:
 $\Delta \mathit C$ = 2 VIA MIXING
References:
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PR D102 071102 Measurement of the charm-mixing parameter $y_{CP}$ in $D^{0}\to K^{0}_{S}\omega$ decays at Belle
 AAIJ 2019X
PRL 122 231802 Measurement of the mass difference between neutral charm-meson eigenstates
 AAIJ 2019
PRL 122 011802 Measurement of the charm-mixing parameter $y_{CP}$
 AAIJ 2018K
PR D97 031101 Updated determination of $D^0$-$\overline{D}{}^0$ mixing and CP violation parameters with $D^0\to K^+\pi^-$ decays
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PR D95 052004 Measurements of Charm Mixing and $\mathit CP$ Violation using ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \pi}^{\mp}}$ Decays
 AAIJ 2016V
JHEP 1604 033 Model-independent Measurement of Mixing Parameters in ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}_S^0}$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ Decays
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PR D93 112014 Measurement of the Neutral ${{\mathit D}}$ Meson Mixing Parameters in a Time-Dependent Amplitude Analysis of the ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$ Decay
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PL B753 412 Measurement of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}-{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ Mixing and Search for $\mathit CP$ Violation in ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit K}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ Decays with the Full Belle Data Set
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PL B744 339 Measurement of $\mathit y_{CP}$ in ${{\mathit D}^{0}}-{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ Oscillation using Quantum Correlations in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit D}^{0}}{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ at $\sqrt {s }$ = 3.773 GeV
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PRL 112 111801 Observation of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}−{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ Mixing in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ Collisions
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PRL 110 101802 Observation of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}−{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ Oscillations
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PRL 111 251801 Measurement of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}-{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ Mixing Parameters and Search for $\mathit CP$ Violation using ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ Decays
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PRL 103 211801 Measurement of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}−{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ Mixing from a Time-Dependent Amplitude Analysis of ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{0}}$ Decays
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PRL 91 171801 Search for ${{\mathit D}^{0}}\leftrightarrow{{\overline{\mathit D}}^{0}}$ Nixing and a Measurement of the Doubly Cabibbo Suppressed Decay Rate in ${{\mathit D}^{0}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit K}}{{\mathit \pi}}$ Decays
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