TRIPLE GAUGE COUPLINGS (TGC'S)

$\mathit g{}^{{{\mathit Z}}}_{1}$

INSPIRE   PDGID:
S043DG1
OUR FIT below is taken from [SCHAEL 2013A].

VALUE EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
$\bf{ 0.984 {}^{+0.018}_{-0.020}}$ OUR FIT
$0.975$ ${}^{+0.033}_{-0.030}$ 7872 1
ABDALLAH
2010
DLPH ${\it{}E}^{\it{}ee}_{\rm{}cm}$= $189 - 209$ GeV
$1.001$ $\pm0.027$ $\pm0.013$ 9310 2
SCHAEL
2005A
ALEP ${\it{}E}^{\it{}ee}_{\rm{}cm}$= $183 - 209$ GeV
$0.987$ ${}^{+0.034}_{-0.033}$ 9800 3
ABBIENDI
2004D
OPAL ${\it{}E}^{\it{}ee}_{\rm{}cm}$= $183 - 209$ GeV
$0.966$ ${}^{+0.034}_{-0.032}$ $\pm0.015$ 8325 4
ACHARD
2004D
L3 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}ee}_{\rm{}cm}$= $161 - 209$ GeV
• • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • •
5
SIRUNYAN
2020BA
CMS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 13 TeV
6
SIRUNYAN
2019CL
CMS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 13 TeV
7
SIRUNYAN
2018BZ
CMS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 13 TeV
8
AABOUD
2017S
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 7+8 TeV
9
AABOUD
2017U
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 8 TeV
10
KHACHATRYAN
2017O
CMS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 8 TeV
11
SIRUNYAN
2017X
CMS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 8 TeV
12
AAD
2016AR
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 8 TeV
13
AAD
2016P
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 8 TeV
14
AAD
2014Y
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 8 TeV
15
AAD
2013AL
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 7 TeV
16
CHATRCHYAN
2013BF
CMS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 7 TeV
17
AAD
2012CD
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 7 TeV
18
AALTONEN
2012AC
CDF ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
19
ABAZOV
2012AG
D0 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
34 20
ABAZOV
2011
D0 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
334 21
AALTONEN
2010K
CDF ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
$1.04$ $\pm0.09$ 22
ABAZOV
2009AD
D0 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
23
ABAZOV
2009AJ
D0 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
$1.07$ ${}^{+0.08}_{-0.12}$ 1880 24
ABDALLAH
2008C
DLPH Superseded by ABDALLAH 2010
13 25
ABAZOV
2007Z
D0 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
2.3 26
ABAZOV
2005S
D0 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
$0.98$ $\pm0.07$ $\pm0.01$ 2114 27
ABREU
2001I
DLPH ${\it{}E}^{\it{}ee}_{\rm{}cm}$= 183+189 GeV
331 28
ABBOTT
1999I
D0 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$= $1.8$ TeV
1  ABDALLAH 2010 use data on the final states ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit j}}{{\mathit j}}{{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$, ${{\mathit j}}{{\mathit j}}{{\mathit j}}{{\mathit j}}$, ${{\mathit j}}{{\mathit j}}{{\mathit X}}$, ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit X}}$, at center-of-mass energies between $189 - 209$ GeV at LEP2, where ${{\mathit j}}$ = jet, ${{\mathit \ell}}$ = lepton, and ${{\mathit X}}$ represents missing momentum. The fit is carried out keeping all other parameters fixed at their SM values.
2  SCHAEL 2005A study single$-$photon, single$-{{\mathit W}}$, and $WW-$pair production from 183 to 209 GeV. The result quoted here is derived from the $WW-$pair production sample. Each parameter is determined from a single$-$parameter fit in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values.
3  ABBIENDI 2004D combine results from ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ in all decay channels. Only $\mathit CP$-conserving couplings are considered and each parameter is determined from a single-parameter fit in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values. The 95$\%$ confidence interval is $0.923<\mathit g{}^{{{\mathit Z}}}_{1}<1.054$.
4  ACHARD 2004D study $WW-$pair production, single$-{{\mathit W}}$ production and single$-$photon production with missing energy from 189 to 209 GeV. The result quoted here is obtained from the $WW-$pair production sample including data from 161 to 183 GeV, ACCIARRI 1999Q. Each parameter is determined from a single$-$parameter fit in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values.
5  SIRUNYAN 2020BA study electroweak production of a ${{\mathit W}}$ boson in association with two jets, using ${{\mathit W}}$ decays in the electron or muon channel. The isolated muons (electrons) are required to have a transverse momentum larger than 25 (30) GeV, while the transverse momentum of the two jets has to be larger than 50 and 30 GeV. A total of 2.382 (1.051) million events are selected in the muon (electron) channel, with a Standard Model expectation of $2.39$ $\pm0.17$ ($1.054$ $\pm0.058$) million events. Analyzing the transverse momentum distribution of the charged leptons from ${{\mathit W}}$ decay, the following 95$\%$ C.L. limit is obtained: 0.971 $<$ ${{\mathit g}_{{{1}}}^{Z}}$ $<$ 1.044. Combining this result with that from the closely-related electroweak ${{\mathit Z}}$-jet-jet production SIRUNYAN 2018BZ, the limit becomes: 0.979 $<$ ${{\mathit g}_{{{1}}}^{Z}}$ $<$ 1.034.
6  SIRUNYAN 2019CL study ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ and ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production in lepton + jet events, with one ${{\mathit W}}$ boson decaying leptonically (electron or muon), and another ${{\mathit W}}$ or ${{\mathit Z}}$ boson decaying hadronically, reconstructed as a single massive large-radius jet. In the electron channel 2,456 (2,235) events are selected in the ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}({{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$) category, while in the muon channel 3,996 (3572) events are selected in the ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}({{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$) category. Analysing the di-boson invariant mass distribution, the following 95$\%$ C.L. limit is obtained: 0.9939 $<$ ${{\mathit g}_{{{1}}}^{Z}}$ $<$ 1.0074.
7  SIRUNYAN 2018BZ study ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}~\mathit jet~jet$ events at 13 TeV where ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$. Isolated electrons and muons are selected with $p_T$ of the leading/sub-leading lepton $>$ 30/20 GeV and $\vert {{\mathit \eta}}\vert $ $<$ 2.4, with the di-lepton invariant mass within 15 GeV of the ${{\mathit Z}}$ mass. The two highest $p_T$ jets are selected with $p_T$ of the leading/sub-leading jet $>$ 50/30 GeV respectively and dijet invariant mass $>$ 200 GeV. Templates in the transverse momentum of the ${{\mathit Z}}$ are utilized to set limits on the triple gauge couplings in the EFT and the LEP parametrizations. The following 95$\%$ C.L. limit is obtained: $0.965$ $<$ $\mathit g{}^{{{\mathit Z}}}_{1}$ $<$ $1.042$.
8  AABOUD 2017S analyze electroweak production of a ${{\mathit W}}$ boson in association with two jets at high dijet invariant mass, with the ${{\mathit W}}$ boson decaying to electron or muon plus neutrino. In the signal region of dijet mass larger than 1 TeV and leading-jet transverse momentum larger than 600 GeV, 30 events are observed in the data with $39$ $\pm4$ events expected in the Standard Model, yielding the following limit at 95$\%$ CL for the form factor cut-off scale ${{\mathit \Lambda}_{{{FF}}}}\rightarrow\infty{}$: $0.87<\mathit g{}^{{{\mathit Z}}}_{1}<1.12$.
9  AABOUD 2017U analyze production of ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ or ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ boson pairs with one ${{\mathit W}}$ boson decaying to electron or muon plus neutrino, and the other ${{\mathit W}}$ or ${{\mathit Z}}$ boson decaying hadronically. The hadronic decay system is reconstructed as either a resolved two-jet system or as a single large jet. Analysing the transverse momentum distribution of the hadronic system above 100 GeV yields the following limit at 95$\%$ CL for the form factor cut-off scale ${{\mathit \Lambda}_{{{FF}}}}\rightarrow\infty{}$: $0.979$ $<$ $\mathit g{}^{{{\mathit Z}}}_{1}$ $<$ $1.024$.
10  KHACHATRYAN 2017O analyse ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production where each boson decays into electrons or muons. Events are required to have a tri-lepton invariant mass larger than 100 GeV, with one of the lepton pairs having an invariant mass within 20 GeV of the ${{\mathit Z}}$ boson mass. The ${{\mathit Z}}$ transverse momentum spectrum is analyzed to set a 95$\%$ C.L. limit of: $0.982$ $<$ $\mathit g{}^{{{\mathit Z}}}_{1}$ $<$ $1.035$.
11  SIRUNYAN 2017X study ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$/ ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ production at 8 TeV where ${{\mathit \ell}}$ is an electron or muon with $p_T$ $>$ 30 or 25 GeV respectively. Suitable cuts are put on the $p_T$ of the dijet system and the missing $\mathit E_{T}$ of the event yielding a total of 285 and 204 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit V}}$ events observed in the electron and muon channels. The following 95$\%$ C.L. limit is obtained: 0.9913 $<$ ${{\mathit g}_{{{1}}}^{Z}}$ $<$ 1.024.
12  AAD 2016AR study ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions and select 6636 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ candidates in decay modes with electrons or muons with an expected background of $1546$ $\pm157$ events. Assuming the LEP formulation and setting the form-factor $\Lambda $ to infinity, a fit to the transverse momentum distribution of the leading charged lepton, leads to a 95$\%$ C.L. range of 0.984 $<$ ${{\mathit g}^{Z}_{\mathrm 1}}<$ 1.027.
13  AAD 2016P study ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions and select 2091 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ candidates in 4 decay modes with electrons and muons, with an expected background of $1825$ $\pm7$ events. Analyzing the ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ transverse momentum distribution, the resulting 95$\%$ C.L. limit is: 0.981$<{{\mathit g}^{Z}_{\mathrm 1}}<$ 1.029.
14  AAD 2014Y determine the electroweak ${{\mathit Z}}$-dijet cross section in 8 TeV ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions. ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit e}}$ and ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$ decays are selected with the di-lepton $p_T>$ 20 GeV and mass in the $81 - 101$ GeV range. Minimum two jets are required with $p_T>$ 55 and 45 GeV and no additional jets with $p_T>$ 25 GeV in the rapidity interval between them. The normalized $p_T$ balance between the ${{\mathit Z}}$ and the two jets is required to be $<$ 0.15. This leads to a selection of 900 events with dijet mass $>$ 1 TeV. The number of signal and background events expected is 261 and 592 respectively. A Poisson likelihood method is used on an event by event basis to obtain the 95$\%$ CL limit 0.5 $<{{\mathit g}_{{{1}}}^{Z}}<$ 1.26 for a form factor value $\Lambda $ = $\infty{}$.
15  AAD 2013AL study ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions and select 1325 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ candidates in decay modes with electrons or muons with an expected background of $369$ $\pm61$ events. Assuming the LEP formulation and setting the form-factor ${{\mathit \Lambda}}$ = infinity, a fit to the transverse momentum distribution of the leading charged lepton, leads to a 95$\%$ C.L. range of 0.961 $<$ $\mathit g{}^{{{\mathit Z}}}_{1}$ $<$ 1.052. Supersedes AAD 2012AC.
16  CHATRCHYAN 2013BF determine the ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ production cross section using unlike sign di-lepton (${{\mathit e}}$ or ${{\mathit \mu}}$) events with high $\not\!\!p_T$. The leptons have $p_T>$ 20 GeV/c and are isolated. 1134 candidate events are observed with an expected SM background of $247$ $\pm34$. The $p_T$ distribution of the leading lepton is fitted to obtain 95$\%$ C.L. limits of 0.905 ${}\leq{}{{\mathit g}_{{{1}}}^{Z}}{}\leq{}$ 1.095.
17  AAD 2012CD study ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions and select 317 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ candidates in three ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ decay modes with an expected background of $68.0$ $\pm10.0$ events. The resulting 95$\%$ C.L. range is: 0.943 $<$ ${{\mathit g}^{Z}_{\mathrm 1}}<$ 1.093. Supersedes AAD 2012V.
18  AALTONEN 2012AC study ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ collisions and select 63 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ candidates in three ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ decay modes with an expected background of $7.9$ $\pm1.0$ events. Based on the cross section and shape of the ${{\mathit Z}}$ transverse momentum spectrum, the following 95$\%$ C.L. range is reported: 0.92 $<$ ${{\mathit g}_{{{1}}}^{Z}}$ $<$ 1.20 for a form factor of $\Lambda $ = 2 TeV.
19  ABAZOV 2012AG combine new results with already published results on ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$, ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ and ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production in order to determine the couplings with increased precision, superseding ABAZOV 2008R, ABAZOV 2011AC, ABAZOV 2009AJ, ABAZOV 2009AD. The 68$\%$ C.L. result for a formfactor cutoff of $\Lambda $ = 2 TeV is ${{\mathit g}_{{{1}}}^{Z}}$ = $1.022$ ${}^{+0.032}_{-0.030}$.
20  ABAZOV 2011 study the ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ 3 ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ process arising in ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production. They observe 34 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ candidates with an estimated background of 6 events. An analysis of the $p_T$ spectrum of the ${{\mathit Z}}$ boson leads to a 95$\%$ C.L. limit of 0.944 $<$ ${{\mathit g}_{{{1}}}^{Z}}$ $<$ 1.154, for a form factor $\Lambda $ = 2 TeV.
21  AALTONEN 10K study ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ with ${{\mathit W}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}/{{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \nu}}$. The $p_T$ of the leading (second) lepton is required to be $>$ 20 (10) GeV. The final number of events selected is 654 of which $320$ $\pm47$ are estimated to be background. The 95$\%$ C.L. interval is 0.76 $<$ ${{\mathit g}^{Z}_{\mathrm 1}}<$ 1.34 for $\Lambda $ = 1.5 TeV and 0.78 $<$ ${{\mathit g}^{Z}_{\mathrm 1}}<$ 1.30 for $\Lambda $ = 2 TeV.
22  ABAZOV 2009AD study the ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}~$2jet process arising in ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ and ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production. They select 12,473 (14,392) events in the electron (muon) channel with an expected di-boson signal of 436 (527) events. The results on the anomalous couplings are derived from an analysis of the $p_T$ spectrum of the 2-jet system and quoted at 68$\%$ C.L. and for a form factor of 2 TeV. This measurement is not used for obtaining the mean as it is for a specific form factor. The 95$\%$ confidence interval is 0.88 $<$ ${{\mathit g}_{{{1}}}^{Z}}<$ 1.20.
23  ABAZOV 2009AJ study the ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ 2 ${{\mathit \ell}}$2 ${{\mathit \nu}}$ process arising in ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ production. They select 100 events with an expected ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ signal of 65 events. An analysis of the $p_T$ spectrum of the two charged leptons leads to 95$\%$ C.L. limits of 0.86 $<$ ${{\mathit g}_{{{1}}}^{Z}}<$ 1.3, for a form factor $\Lambda $ = 2 TeV.
24  ABDALLAH 2008C determine this triple gauge coupling from the measurement of the spin density matrix elements in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ( ${{\mathit q}}{{\mathit q}}$) ( ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$), where ${{\mathit \ell}}$ = ${{\mathit e}}$ or ${{\mathit \mu}}$. Values of all other couplings are fixed to their standard model values.
25  ABAZOV 2007Z set limits on anomalous TGCs using the measured cross section and $p_T({{\mathit Z}}$) distribution in ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production with both the ${{\mathit W}}$ and the ${{\mathit Z}}$ decaying leptonically into electrons and muons. Setting the other couplings to their standard model values, the 95$\%$ C.L. limit for a form factor scale $\Lambda $ = 2 TeV is 0.86 $<{{\mathit g}_{{{1}}}^{Z}}<$ 1.35.
26  ABAZOV 2005S study ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production with a subsequent trilepton decay to ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \ell}^{\,'}}{{\overline{\mathit \ell}}^{\,'}}$ (${{\mathit \ell}}$ and ${{\mathit \ell}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit e}}$ or ${{\mathit \mu}}$). Three events (estimated background $0.71$ $\pm0.08$ events) with $WZ$ decay characteristics are observed from which they derive limits on the anomalous couplings. The 95$\%$ CL limit for a form factor scale $\Lambda $ = 1.5 TeV is $0.51$ $<$ $\mathit g{}^{{{\mathit Z}}}_{1}$ $<$ 1.66, fixing ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{{Z}}}}$ and ${{\mathit \kappa}_{{{Z}}}}$ to their Standard Model values.
27  ABREU 2001I combine results from ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ interactions at 189 GeV leading to ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ and ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \nu}_{{{e}}}}$ final states with results from ABREU 1999L at 183 GeV. The 95$\%$ confidence interval is $0.84<\mathit g{}^{{{\mathit Z}}}_{1}<1.13$.
28  ABBOTT 1999I perform a simultaneous fit to the ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$, ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit W}}$ $\rightarrow$ dilepton, ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$/ ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit j}}{{\mathit j}}$, ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$/ ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit j}}{{\mathit j}}$, and ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ trilepton data samples. For $\Lambda $ = $2.0$ TeV, the 95$\%$CL limits are $0.63<\mathit g{}^{{{\mathit Z}}}_{1}<1.57$, fixing ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{{Z}}}}$ and ${{\mathit \kappa}_{{{Z}}}}$ to their Standard Model values, and assuming Standard Model values for the ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ couplings.
References