# $\lambda _{{{\boldsymbol Z}}}$ INSPIRE search

This coupling is $\mathit CP$-conserving ($\mathit C$- and $\mathit P$- separately conserving).
VALUE EVTS DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
$-0.088$ ${}^{+0.060}_{-0.057}$ $\pm0.023$ 7171 1
 2004 D
L3 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}ee}_{\rm{}cm}$ = $189 - 209$ GeV
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
2
 2019 CL
CMS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 13 TeV
3
 2018 BZ
CMS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 13 TeV
4
 2017 S
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 7+8 TeV
5
 2017 U
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 8 TeV
6
 2017 O
CMS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 8 TeV
7
 2017 X
CMS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 8 TeV
8
 2016 AR
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 8 TeV
9
 2016 P
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 8 TeV
10
 2014 Y
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 8 TeV
11
 2013 AL
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 7 TeV
12
 2013 BF
CMS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 7 TeV
13
 2012 CD
ATLS ${\it{}E}^{\it{}pp}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 7 TeV
14
 2012 AC
CDF ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
34 15
 2011
D0 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
334 16
 2010 K
CDF ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
13 17
 2007 Z
D0 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
17 18
 2006 H
D0 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
2.3 19
 2005 S
D0 ${\it{}E}^{\it{}p\overline{\it{}p}}_{\rm{}cm}$ = 1.96 TeV
1  ACHARD 2004D study $WW$ $-$pair production, single$-{{\mathit W}}$ production and single$-$photon production with missing energy from 189 to 209 GeV. The result quoted here is obtained using the $WW$ $-$pair production sample. Each parameter is determined from a single$-$parameter fit in which the other parameters assume their Standard Model values.
2  SIRUNYAN 2019CL study ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ and ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production in lepton + jet events, with one ${{\mathit W}}$ boson decaying leptonically (electron or muon), and another ${{\mathit W}}$ or ${{\mathit Z}}$ boson decaying hadronically, reconstructed as a single massive large-radius jet. In the electron channel 2,456 (2,235) events are selected in the ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ ( ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ ) category, while in the muon channel 3,996 (3572) events are selected in the ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ ( ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ ) category. Analysing the di-boson invariant mass distribution, the following 95$\%$ C.L. limit is obtained: $-0.0065$ $<$ ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}$ $<$ 0.0066.
3  SIRUNYAN 2018BZ study ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}$ $~\mathit jet~jet$ events at 13 TeV where ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $/$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ . Isolated electrons and muons are selected with $p_T$ of the leading/sub-leading lepton $>$ 30/20 GeV and $\vert {{\mathit \eta}}\vert$ $<$ 2.4, with the di-lepton invariant mass within 15 GeV of the ${{\mathit Z}}$ mass. The two highest $p_T$ jets are selected with $p_T$ of the leading/sub-leading jet $>$ 50/30 GeV respectively and dijet invariant mass $>$ 200 GeV. Templates in the transverse momentum of the ${{\mathit Z}}$ are utilized to set limits on the triple gauge couplings in the EFT and the LEP parametrizations. The following 95$\%$ C.L. limit is obtained $-0.010$ $<{{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}<$ $0.010$.
4  AABOUD 2017S analyze electroweak production of a ${{\mathit W}}$ boson in association with two jets at high dijet invariant mass, with the ${{\mathit W}}$ boson decaying to electron or muon plus neutrino. In the signal region of dijet mass larger than 1 TeV and leading-jet transverse momentum larger than 600 GeV, 30 events are observed in the data with $39$ $\pm4$ events expected in the Standard Model, yielding the following limit at 95$\%$ CL for the form factor cut-off scale ${{\mathit \Lambda}_{{FF}}}\rightarrow\infty{}$: $-0.053$ $<{{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}<$ $0.042$.
5  AABOUD 2017U analyze production of ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ or ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ boson pairs with one ${{\mathit W}}$ boson decaying to electron or muon plus neutrino, and the other ${{\mathit W}}$ or ${{\mathit Z}}$ boson decaying hadronically. The hadronic decay system is reconstructed as either a resolved two-jet system or as a single large jet. Analysing the transverse momentum distribution of the hadronic system above 100 GeV yields the following limit at 95$\%$ CL for the form factor cut-off scale ${{\mathit \Lambda}_{{FF}}}\rightarrow\infty{}$: $-0.013$ $<$ ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}$ $<$ $0.013$.
6  KHACHATRYAN 2017O analyse ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production where each boson decays into electrons or muons. Events are required to have a tri-lepton invariant mass larger than 100 GeV, with one of the lepton pairs having an invariant mass within 20 GeV of the ${{\mathit Z}}$ boson mass. The ${{\mathit Z}}$ transverse momentum spectrum is analyzed to set a 95$\%$ C.L. limit of: $-0.018$ $<$ ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}$ $<$ $0.016$.
7  SIRUNYAN 2017X study ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ / ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ production at 8 TeV where ${{\mathit \ell}}$ is an electron or muon with $p_T$ $>$ 30 or 25 GeV respectively. Suitable cuts are put on the $p_T$ of the dijet system and the missing $\mathit E_{T}$ of the event yielding a total of 285 and 204 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit V}}$ events observed in the electron and muon channels. The following 95$\%$ C.L. limit is obtained: $-0.011$ $<$ ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}$ $<$ 0.011.
8  AAD 2016AR study WW production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions and select 6636 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ candidates in decay modes with electrons or muons with an expected background of $1546$ $\pm157$ events. Assuming the LEP formulation and setting the form-factor $\Lambda$ to infinity, a fit to the transverse momentum distribution of the leading charged lepton, leads to a 95$\%$ C.L. range of $-0.019$ $<{{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}<$ 0.019.
9  AAD 2016P study ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions and select 2091 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ candidates in 4 decay modes with electrons and muons, with an expected background of $1825$ $\pm7$ events. Analyzing the ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ transverse momentum distribution, the resulting 95$\%$ C.L. limit is: $-0.016$ $<{{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}<$ 0.016.
10  AAD 2014Y determine the electroweak ${{\mathit Z}}$-dijet cross section in 8 TeV ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions. ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit e}}$ and ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$ decays are selected with the di-lepton $p_T>$ 20 GeV and mass in the $81 - 101$ GeV range. Minimum two jets are required with $p_T>$ 55 and 45 GeV and no additional jets with $p_T>$ 25 GeV in the rapidity interval between them. The normalized $p_T$ balance between the ${{\mathit Z}}$ and the two jets is required to be $<$ 0.15. This leads to a selection of 900 events with dijet mass $>$ 1 TeV. The number of signal and background events expected is 261 and 592 respectively. A Poisson likelihood method is used on an event by event basis to obtain the 95$\%$ CL limit $-0.15$ $<{{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}$ $<$ 0.13 for a form factor value $\Lambda$ = $\infty{}$.
11  AAD 2013AL study ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions and select 1325 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ candidates in decay modes with electrons or muons with an expected background of $369$ $\pm61$ events. Assuming the LEP formulation and setting the form-factor ${{\mathit \Lambda}}$ = infinity, a fit to the transverse momentum distribution of the leading charged lepton, leads to a 95$\%$ C.L. range of $-0.062$ $<$ ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}$ $<$ 0.059. Supersedes AAD 2012AC.
12  CHATRCHYAN 2013BF determine the ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ production cross section using unlike sign di-lepton (${{\mathit e}}$ or ${{\mathit \mu}}$) events with high $\not\!\!p_T$. The leptons have $p_T>$ 20 GeV/c and are isolated. 1134 candidate events are observed with an expected SM background of $247$ $\pm34$. The $p_T$ distribution of the leading lepton is fitted to obtain 95$\%$ C.L. limits of $-0.048$ ${}\leq{}{{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}{}\leq{}$ 0.048.
13  AAD 2012CD study ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions and select 317 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ candidates in three ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ decay modes with an expected background of $68.0$ $\pm10.0$ events. The resulting 95$\%$ C.L. range is: $-0.046$ $<$ ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}<$ 0.047. Supersedes AAD 2012V.
14  AALTONEN 2012AC study ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ collisions and select 63 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ candidates in three ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ decay modes with an expected background of $7.9$ $\pm1.0$ events. Based on the cross section and shape of the ${{\mathit Z}}$ transverse momentum spectrum, the following 95$\%$ C.L. range is reported: $-0.08$ $<$ ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}$ $<$ 0.10 for a form factor of $\Lambda$ = 2 TeV.
15  ABAZOV 2011 study the ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ 3 ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ process arising in ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production. They observe 34 ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ candidates with an estimated background of 6 events. An analysis of the $p_T$ spectrum of the ${{\mathit Z}}$ boson leads to a 95$\%$ C.L. limit of $-0.077<$ ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}<$ 0.093, for a form factor $\Lambda$ = 2 TeV.
16  AALTONEN 10K study ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ with ${{\mathit W}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}$ / ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ . The $p_T$ of the leading (second) lepton is required to be $>$ 20 (10) GeV. The final number of events selected is 654 of which $320$ $\pm47$ are estimated to be background. The 95$\%$ C.L. interval is $-0.16$ $<$ ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}<$ 0.16 for $\Lambda$ = 1.5 TeV and $-0.14$ $<$ ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}<$ 0.15 for $\Lambda$ = 2 TeV.
17  ABAZOV 2007Z set limits on anomalous TGCs using the measured cross section and $p_T({{\mathit Z}}$) distribution in ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production with both the ${{\mathit W}}$ and the ${{\mathit Z}}$ decaying leptonically into electrons and muons. Setting the other couplings to their standard model values, the 95$\%$ C.L. limit for a form factor scale $\Lambda$ = 2$~$TeV is $-0.17$ $<{{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}<$ 0.21.
18  ABAZOV 2006H study ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}$ production with a subsequent decay ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit W}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit \nu}_{{e}}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}{{\overline{\mathit \nu}}_{{e}}}$ , ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit W}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \nu}_{{e}}}{{\mathit \mu}^{\mp}}{{\mathit \nu}_{{\mu}}}$ or ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit W}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \nu}_{{\mu}}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}{{\overline{\mathit \nu}}_{{\mu}}}$ . The 95$\%$ C.L. limit for a form factor scale $\Lambda$ = 2 TeV is $-0.39$ $<\lambda _{Z}<$ 0.39, fixing $\kappa _{Z}$=1. With the assumption that the ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ and ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ couplings are equal the 95$\%$ C.L. one-dimensional limit ($\Lambda$ = 2 TeV) is $-0.29$ $<\lambda <$ 0.30.
19  ABAZOV 2005S study ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ production with a subsequent trilepton decay to ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \ell}^{\,'}}{{\overline{\mathit \ell}}^{\,'}}$ (${{\mathit \ell}}$ and ${{\mathit \ell}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit e}}$ or ${{\mathit \mu}}$). Three events (estimated background $0.71$ $\pm0.08$ events) with $WZ$ decay characteristics are observed from which they derive limits on the anomalous couplings. The 95$\%$ CL limit for a form factor scale $\Lambda$ = 1.5 TeV is $-0.48$ $<$ ${{\mathit \lambda}_{{Z}}}$ $<$ 0.48, fixing $\mathit g{}^{{{\mathit Z}}}_{1}$ and ${{\mathit \kappa}_{{Z}}}$ to their Standard Model values.
References:
 SIRUNYAN 2019CL
JHEP 1912 062 Search for anomalous triple gauge couplings in WW and WZ production in lepton + jet events in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
 SIRUNYAN 2018BZ
EPJ C78 589 Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton?proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 $\,\text {TeV}$
 AABOUD 2017S
EPJ C77 474 Measurements of Electroweak $\mathit Wjj$ Production and Constraints on Anomalous Gauge Couplings with the ATLAS Detector
 AABOUD 2017U
EPJ C77 563 Measurement of ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}/{{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit q}}{{\mathit q}^{\,'}}$ Production with the Hadronically Decaying Boson Reconstructed as One or Two Jets in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV with ATLAS, and Constraints on Anomalous Gauge Couplings
 KHACHATRYAN 2017O
EPJ C77 236 Measurement of the ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ Production Cross Section in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 and 8 TeV and Search for Anomalous Triple Gauge Couplings at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV
 SIRUNYAN 2017X
PL B772 21 Search for Anomalous Couplings in Boosted ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}/{{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV
JHEP 1609 029 Measurement of Total and Differential ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ Production Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector and Limits on Anomalous Triple-Gauge-Boson Couplings
PR D93 092004 Measurements of ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit Z}}$ Production Cross Sections in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector and Limits on Anomalous Gauge Boson Self-Couplings
JHEP 1404 031 Measurement of the Electroweak Production of Dijets in Association with a $\mathit Z$-Boson and Distributions Sensitive to Vector Boson Fusion in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 8 TeV using the ATLAS Detector
PR D87 112001 Measurement of ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ Production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS Detector and Limits on Anomalous ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ and ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ Couplings
 CHATRCHYAN 2013BF
EPJ C73 2610 Measurement of the ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ Cross Section in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV and Limits on Anomalous ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ and ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ Couplings
EPJ C72 2173 Measurement of ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit Z}}$ Production in Proton$−$Proton Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
 AALTONEN 2012AC
PR D86 031104 Measurement of the ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ Cross Section and Triple Gauge Couplings in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV
 ABAZOV 2011
PL B695 67 Measurement of the ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit Z}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \ell}}$ Cross Section and Limits on Anomalous Triple Gauge Couplings in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV
 AALTONEN 2010K
PRL 104 201801 Measurement of the ${{\mathit W}^{+}}{{\mathit W}^{-}}$ Production Cross Section and Search for Anomalous ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ and ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ Couplings in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96$~$TeV
 ABAZOV 2007Z
PR D76 111104 Measurement of the ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ $\rightarrow$ WZ+X Cross Section at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV and Limits on WWZ Trilinear Gauge Couplings
 ABAZOV 2006H
PR D74 057101 Limits on Anomalous Trilinear Gauge Couplings from ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit W}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ , ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit W}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \mu}^{\mp}}$ , and ${{\mathit W}}$ ${{\mathit W}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ Events from ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ = 1.96 TeV
 ABAZOV 2005S
PRL 95 141802 Production of ${{\mathit W}}{{\mathit Z}}$ Events in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ Collisions at $\sqrt {s }$ =1.96 TeV and Limits on Anomalous $\mathit WWZ$ Couplings
 ACHARD 2004D
PL B586 151 Measurement of Triple Gauge Boson Couplings of the ${{\mathit W}}$ Boson at LEP