# Other bounds on ${{\widetilde{\boldsymbol \chi}}_{{1}}^{0}}$ from astrophysics and cosmology INSPIRE search

Most of these papers generally exclude regions in the $\mathit M_{2}~-~{{\mathit \mu}}$ parameter plane by requiring that the ${{\widetilde{\mathit \chi}}_{{1}}^{0}}$ contribution to the overall cosmological density is less than some maximal value to avoid overclosure of the Universe. Those not based on the cosmological density are indicated. Many of these papers also include LEP and/or other bounds.

VALUE DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
$\bf{\text{>46 GeV}}$ 1
 2000
RVUE
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
2
 2014
COSM
3
 2014 A
COSM
4
 2014
COSM
5
 2013
COSM
6
 2013 B
COSM
5
 2013
COSM
2
 2012
COSM
2
 2012 A
COSM
2
 2012
COSM
7
 2012
COSM
8
 2012
COSM
9
 2012
COSM
$\text{> 18 GeV}$ 10
 2012
COSM
2
 2012
COSM
2
 2012 A
COSM
2
 2012 B
COSM
11
 2012 B
COSM
2
 2012
COSM
7
 2012
COSM
12
 2011
COSM
13
 2011
COSM
14
 2010
COSM
15
 2009
COSM
16
 2009
THEO
17
 2008
COSM
13
 2008
COSM
18
 2007
COSM
19
 2007
COSM
20
 2006
COSM
21
 2006
COSM
13
 2005
COSM
22
 2004
COSM
$\text{> 6 GeV}$ 10, 23
 2004
THEO
24
 2004 B
COSM
25
 2004 A
COSM
26
 2003
COSM
$\text{> 6 GeV}$ 10
 2003
COSM
26
 2003
COSM
27
 2003
COSM
13
 2003 B
COSM
26
 2003 C
COSM
26
 2003
COSM
28
 2002
COSM
29
 2001 C
COSM
30
 2001 B
COSM
27
 2000 B
COSM
31
 2000
COSM
$\text{<600 GeV}$ 32
 1998 B
COSM
33
 1997
COSM Co-annihilation
34
 1996
COSM
13
 1995
COSM
35
 1995
COSM $\mathit CP$-violating phases
36
 1993
COSM Minimal supergravity
37
 1993
COSM Sfermion mixing
36
 1993
COSM Minimal supergravity
38
 1993
COSM Co-annihilation
39
 1992
COSM Minimal supergravity, $\mathit m_{0}=\mathit A$=0
40
 1992
COSM
41
 1991
COSM
42
 1991
COSM Minimal supergravity
43
 1991
COSM
44
 1991
COSM
45
 1990
COSM
43
 1989
COSM
$\text{none 100 eV - 15 GeV}$
 1988
COSM ${{\widetilde{\mathit \gamma}}}$; ${\mathit m}_{{{\widetilde{\mathit f}}}}$=100 GeV
$\text{none 100 eV-5 GeV}$
 1984
COSM ${{\widetilde{\mathit \gamma}}}$; for ${\mathit m}_{{{\widetilde{\mathit f}}}}$=100 GeV
 1983
COSM ${{\widetilde{\mathit \gamma}}}$
46
 1983
COSM ${{\widetilde{\mathit \gamma}}}$
 1983
COSM ${{\widetilde{\mathit \gamma}}}$
1  ELLIS 2000 updates ELLIS 1998 . Uses LEP ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ data at $\sqrt {\mathit s }$=202 and 204$~$GeV to improve bound on neutralino mass to 51$~$GeV when scalar mass universality is assumed and 46$~$GeV when Higgs mass universality is relaxed. Limits on tan $\beta$ improve to $>2.7$ ($\mu >0$), $>2.2$ ($\mu <0$) when scalar mass universality is assumed and $>1.9$ (both signs of $\mu$) when Higgs mass universality is relaxed.
2  Implications of the LHC result on the Higgs mass and on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry.
3  BUCHMUELLER 2014A places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry using indirect experimental searches using the 20 fb${}^{-1}$ 8 TeV and the 5 fb${}^{-1}$ 7 TeV LHC and the LUX data.
4  ROSZKOWSKI 2014 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry using Bayesian statistics and indirect experimental searches using the 20 fb${}^{-1}$ LHC and the LUX data.
5  CABRERA 2013 and STREGE 2013 place constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry with and without non-universal Higgs masses using the 5.8 fb${}^{-1}$, $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV ATLAS supersymmetry searches and XENON100 results.
6  ELLIS 2013B place constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry with and without Higgs mass universality. Models with universality below the GUT scale are also considered.
7  BALAZS 2012 and STREGE 2012 place constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry using the 1 fb${}^{-1}$ LHC supersymmetry searches, the 5 fb${}^{-1}$ Higgs mass constraints, both with $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV, and XENON100 results.
8  BECHTLE 2012 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry using indirect experimental searches, using the 5 fb${}^{-1}$ LHC and XENON100 data.
9  BESKIDT 2012 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry using indirect experimental searches, the 5 fb${}^{-1}$ LHC and the XENON100 data.
10  BELANGER 2004 and BOTTINO 2012 (see also BOTTINO 2003 , BOTTINO 2003A and BOTTINO 2004 ) do not assume gaugino or scalar mass unification.
11  FENG 2012B places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry and large sfermion masses using the 1 fb${}^{-1}$ LHC supersymmetry searches, the 5 fb${}^{-1}$ LHC Higgs mass constraints both with $\sqrt {s }$ = 7 TeV, and XENON100 results.
12  BUCHMUELLER 2011 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry using indirect experimental searches and including supersymmetry breaking relations between A and B parameters.
13  Places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$=1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry but non-Universal Higgs masses.
14  ELLIS 2010 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry with universality above the GUT scale.
15  BUCHMUELLER 2009 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of $\mathit N$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry using indirect experimental searches.
16  DREINER 2009 show that in the general MSSM with non-universal gaugino masses there exists no model-independent laboratory bound on the mass of the lightest neutralino. An essentially massless ${{\mathit \chi}_{{1}}^{0}}$ is allowed by the experimental and observational data, imposing some constraints on other MSSM parameters, including ${{\mathit M}_{{2}}}$, ${{\mathit \mu}}$ and the slepton and squark masses.
17  BUCHMUELLER 2008 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of $\mathit N$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry using indirect experimental searches.
18  CALIBBI 2007 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry with universality above the GUT scale including the effects of right-handed neutrinos.
19  ELLIS 2007 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of $\mathit N$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry with universality below the GUT scale.
20  ALLANACH 2006 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry.
21  DE-AUSTRI 2006 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry.
22  BALTZ 2004 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$ = 1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry.
23  Limit assumes a pseudo scalar mass $<$ 200 GeV. For larger pseudo scalar masses, ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit \chi}}}$ $>$ 18(29) GeV for tan $\beta$ = 50(10). Bounds from WMAP, ($\mathit g$ $−$ 2)$_{{{\mathit \mu}}}$, ${{\mathit b}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit s}}{{\mathit \gamma}}$ , LEP.
24  ELLIS 2004B places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of $\mathit N$=1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry including supersymmetry breaking relations between A and B parameters. See also ELLIS 2003D.
25  PIERCE 2004A places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of models with very heavy scalar masses.
26  BAER 2003 , CHATTOPADHYAY 2003 , ELLIS 2003C and LAHANAS 2003 place constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of ${{\mathit N}}$=1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry based on WMAP results for the cold dark matter density.
27  BOEHM 2000B and ELLIS 2003 place constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of minimal $\mathit N$=1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry. Includes the effect of ${{\mathit \chi}}-{{\widetilde{\mathit t}}}$ co-annihilations.
28  LAHANAS 2002 places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of minimal $\mathit N$=1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry. Focuses on the role of pseudo-scalar Higgs exchange.
29  BARGER 2001C use the cosmic relic density inferred from recent CMB measurements to constrain the parameter space in the framework of minimal $\mathit N$=1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry.
30  ELLIS 2001B places constraints on the SUSY parameter space in the framework of minimal $\mathit N$=1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry. Focuses on models with large tan $\beta$.
31  FENG 2000 explores cosmologically allowed regions of MSSM parameter space with multi-TeV masses.
32  ELLIS 1998B assumes a universal scalar mass and radiative supersymmetry breaking with universal gaugino masses. The upper limit to the LSP mass is increased due to the inclusion of ${{\mathit \chi}}−{{\widetilde{\mathit \tau}}_{{R}}}$ coannihilations.
33  EDSJO 1997 included all coannihilation processes between neutralinos and charginos for any neutralino mass and composition.
34  Notes the location of the neutralino ${{\mathit Z}}$ resonance and ${{\mathit h}}$ resonance annihilation corridors in minimal supergravity models with radiative electroweak breaking.
35  Mass of the bino (=LSP) is limited to ${\mathit m}_{{{\widetilde{\mathit B}}}}{ {}\lesssim{} }$ 350 GeV for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}$ = 174 GeV.
36  DREES 1993 , KELLEY 1993 compute the cosmic relic density of the LSP in the framework of minimal $\mathit N$=1 supergravity models with radiative breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry.
37  FALK 1993 relax the upper limit to the LSP mass by considering sfermion mixing in the MSSM.
38  MIZUTA 1993 include coannihilations to compute the relic density of Higgsino dark matter.
39  LOPEZ 1992 calculate the relic LSP density in a minimal SUSY GUT model.
40  MCDONALD 1992 calculate the relic LSP density in the MSSM including exact tree-level annihilation cross sections for all two-body final states.
41  GRIEST 1991 improve relic density calculations to account for coannihilations, pole effects, and threshold effects.
42  NOJIRI 1991 uses minimal supergravity mass relations between squarks and sleptons to narrow cosmologically allowed parameter space.
43  Mass of the bino (=LSP) is limited to ${\mathit m}_{{{\widetilde{\mathit B}}}}{ {}\lesssim{} }$ 350 GeV for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}{}\leq{}$200 GeV. Mass of the higgsino (=LSP) is limited to ${\mathit m}_{{{\widetilde{\mathit H}}}}{ {}\lesssim{} }$ 1 TeV for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit t}}}{}\leq{}$200 GeV.
44  ROSZKOWSKI 1991 calculates LSP relic density in mixed gaugino/higgsino region.
45  Mass of the bino (=LSP) is limited to ${\mathit m}_{{{\widetilde{\mathit B}}}}{ {}\lesssim{} }$ 550 GeV. Mass of the higgsino (=LSP) is limited to ${\mathit m}_{{{\widetilde{\mathit H}}}}{ {}\lesssim{} }$ $3.2$ TeV.
46  KRAUSS 1983 finds ${\mathit m}_{{{\widetilde{\mathit \gamma}}}}$ not 30 eV to 2.5 GeV. KRAUSS 1983 takes into account the gravitino decay. Find that limits depend strongly on reheated temperature. For example a new allowed region ${\mathit m}_{{{\widetilde{\mathit \gamma}}}}$ = 4$-$20 MeV exists if ${\mathit m}_{\mathrm {gravitino}}$ $<$40 TeV. See figure 2.
References:
 BUCHMUELLER 2014A
EPJ C74 2922 The CMSSM and NUHM1 after LHC Run 1
 BUCHMUELLER 2014
EPJ C74 2809 Implications of Improved Higgs Mass Calculations for Supersymmetric Models
 ROSZKOWSKI 2014
JHEP 1408 067 .What Next for the CMSSM and the NUHM: Improved Prospects for Superpartner and Dark Matter Detection
 CABRERA 2013
JHEP 1307 182 The Health of SUSY After the Higgs Discovery and the XENON100 Data
 ELLIS 2013B
EPJ C73 2403 The Higgs Mass beyond the CMSSM
 STREGE 2013
JCAP 1304 013 Global Fits of the cMSSM and NUHM Including the LHC Higgs Discovery and New XENON100 Constraints
 AKULA 2012
PR D85 075001 Higgs Boson Mass Predictions in Supergravity Unification, Recent LHC-7 Results, and Dark Matter
 ARBEY 2012A
PL B708 162 Implications of a 125 GeV Higgs for Supersymmetric Models
 BAER 2012
JHEP 1205 091 Neutralino Dark Matter in mSUGRA/CMSSM with a 125 GeV Light Higgs Scalar
 BALAZS 2012
EPJ C73 2563 Should We Still Believe in Constrained Supersymmetry?
 BECHTLE 2012
JHEP 1206 098 Constrained Supersymmetry After Two Years of LHC Data: a Global View with Fittino
 BESKIDT 2012
EPJ C72 2166 Constraints on Supersymmetry from LHC Data on SUSY Searches and Higgs Bosons Combined with Cosmology and Direct Dark Matter Searches
 BOTTINO 2012
PR D85 095013 Phenomenology of Light Neutralinos in View of Recent Results at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
 BUCHMUELLER 2012
EPJ C72 2020 Higgs and Supersymmetry
 CAO 2012A
PL B710 665 Current Experimental Constraints on the Lightest Higgs Boson Mass in the Constrained MSSM
 ELLIS 2012B
EPJ C72 2005 Revisiting the Higgs Mass and Dark Matter in the CMSSM
 FENG 2012B
PR D85 075007 Focus Point Supersymmetry Redux
JHEP 1205 061 Implications of the 125 GeV Higgs Boson for Scalar Dark Matter and for the CMSSM Phenomenology
 STREGE 2012
JCAP 1203 030 Updated Global Fits of the cMSSM Including the Latest LHC SUSY and Higgs Searches and XENON100 Data
 BUCHMUELLER 2011
EPJ C71 1583 Frequentist Analysis of the Parameter Space of Minimal Supergravity
 ROSZKOWSKI 2011
PR D83 015014 Global Fits of the Non-Universal Higgs Model
 ELLIS 2010
EPJ C69 201 What if Supersymmetry Breaking Unifies beyond the GUT Scale?
 BUCHMUELLER 2009
EPJ C64 391 Likelihood Functions for Supersymmetric Observables in Frequentist Analyses of the CMSSM (constrained MSSM) and NUHM1 (non-universal Higgs masses)
 DREINER 2009
EPJ C62 547 Mass Bounds on a Very Light Neutralino
 BUCHMUELLER 2008
JHEP 0809 117 Predictions for Supersymmetric Particle Masses using Indirect Experimental and Cosmological Constraints
 ELLIS 2008
PR D78 075012 Varying the Universality of Supersymmetry-Breaking Contributions to MSSM Higgs Boson Masses
 CALIBBI 2007
JHEP 0709 081 SUSY-GUTs, SUSY-Seesaw and the Neutralino Dark Matter
 ELLIS 2007
JHEP 0706 079 Phenomenology of GUT-less Supersymmetry Breaking
 ALLANACH 2006
PR D73 015013 Multi-Dimensional mSUGRA Likelihood Maps
 DE-AUSTRI 2006
JHEP 0605 002 Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of the CMSSM
 BAER 2005
JHEP 0507 065 Direct, Indirect and Collider Detection of Neutralino Dark Matter in SUSY Models with non-Universal Higgs Masses
 BALTZ 2004
JHEP 0410 052 Markov Chain Monte Carlo Exploration of Minimal Supergravity with Implications for Dark Matter
 BELANGER 2004
JHEP 0403 012 Lower Limit on the Neutralino Mass in the General MSSM
 ELLIS 2004B
PR D70 055005 Very Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
 PIERCE 2004A
PR D70 075006 Dark Matter in the Finely Tuned Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Models
 BAER 2003
JCAP 0305 006 $\chi^2$ Analysis of the Minimal Supergravity Model Including WMAP, (g-2)$_{\mu }$ and ${\mathit {\mathit b}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${\mathit {\mathit s}}$ ${{\mathit \gamma}}$
 BOTTINO 2003
PR D68 043506 Lower Bound on the Neutralino Mass from New Data on CMB and Implications for Relic Neutralinos
PR D68 035005 WMAP Constraints, SUSY Dark Matter and Implications for the Directtion of SUSY
 ELLIS 2003
ASP 18 395 Calculations of Neutralino Stop Coannihilation in the CMSSM
 ELLIS 2003C
PL B565 176 Supersymmetric Dark Matter in Light of WMAP
 ELLIS 2003B
NP B652 259 Exploration of the MSSM with Nonuniversal Higgs Masses
 LAHANAS 2003
PL B568 55 WMAPing out Supersymmetric Dark Matter and Phenomenology
 LAHANAS 2002
EPJ C23 185 Implications of the Pseudoscalar Higgs Boson in Determining the Neutralino Dark Matter
 BARGER 2001C
PL B518 117 Implications of New CMB Data for Neutralino Dark Matter
 ELLIS 2001B
PL B510 236 The CMSSM Parameter Space at Large tan ${{\mathit \beta}}$
 BOEHM 2000B
PR D62 035012 Light Scalar top Quarks and Supersymmetric Dark Matter
 ELLIS 2000
PR D62 075010 Supersymmetric Dark Matter in the Light of LEP and the Tevatron Collider
 FENG 2000
PL B482 388 Neutralino Dark Matter in Focus Point Supersymmetry
 ELLIS 1998B
PL B444 367 Neutralino $−$ Stau Coannihilation and the Cosmological Upper Limit on the Mass of the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle
 EDSJO 1997
PR D56 1879 Neutralino Relic Density Including Coannihilations
 BAER 1996
PR D53 597 Cosmological Relic Density from Minimal Supergravity with Implications for Collider Physics
 BEREZINSKY 1995
ASP 5 1 Neutralino Dark Matter in Supersymmetric Models with Nonuniversal Scalar Mass Terms
 FALK 1995
PL B354 99 Phases in the MSSM, Electric Dipole Moments and Cosmological Dark Matter
 DREES 1993
PR D47 376 The Neutralino Relic Density in Minimal $\mathit N$=1 Supergravity
 FALK 1993
PL B318 354 Correction to bino Annihilation. 1: Sfermion Mixing
 KELLEY 1993
PR D47 2461 New Constraints on Neutralino Dark Matter in the Supersymmetric Standard Model
 MIZUTA 1993
PL B298 120 Coannihilation Effects and Relic Abundance of Higgsino Dominant LSP's
 LOPEZ 1992
NP B370 445 SUSY GUTs Dark Matter
 MCDONALD 1992
PL B283 80 Relic Densities of Neutralinos
 GRIEST 1991
PR D43 3191 Three Exceptions in the Calculation of Relic Abundances
 NOJIRI 1991
PL B261 76 A New Aspect of the Mass Density of Relic Neutralinos
 OLIVE 1991
NP B355 208 Cosmological Limits on Massive LSP's
 ROSZKOWSKI 1991
PL B262 59 Light Neutralino as Dark Matter
 GRIEST 1990
PR D41 3565 Supersymmetric Dark Matter above the ${{\mathit W}}$ Mass
 OLIVE 1989
PL B230 78 New Limits on Parameters of the Supersymmetric Standard Model from Cosmology
 SREDNICKI 1988
NP B310 693 Calculations of Relic Densities in the Early Universe
 ELLIS 1984
NP B238 453 Supersymmetric Relics from the Big Bang
 GOLDBERG 1983
PRL 50 1419 Constraint on the Photino Mass from Cosmology
 KRAUSS 1983
NP B227 556 New Constraints on ino'' Masses from Cosmology. 1. Supersymmetric inos''
 VYSOTSKII 1983
SJNP 37 948 Gluino and Photino Masses