#### ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ (doubly-charged Higgs boson) mass limits

This section covers searches for a doubly-charged Higgs boson with couplings to lepton pairs. Its weak isospin ${{\mathit T}_{{3}}}$ is thus restricted to two possibilities depending on lepton chiralities: ${{\mathit T}_{{3}}}$ (${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ ) = $\pm{}$1, with the coupling ${{\mathit g}}$ $_{ {{\mathit \ell}} {{\mathit \ell}} }$ to ${{\mathit \ell}_{{L}}^{-}}{{\mathit \ell}_{{L}}^{'-}}$ and ${{\mathit \ell}_{{R}}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}_{{R}}^{'+}}$ (left-handed'') and ${{\mathit T}_{{3}}}$ (${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ ) = 0, with the coupling to ${{\mathit \ell}_{{R}}^{-}}{{\mathit \ell}_{{R}}^{'-}}$ and ${{\mathit \ell}_{{L}}^{+}}{{\mathit \ell}_{{L}}^{'+}}$ (right-handed''). These Higgs bosons appear in some left-right symmetric models based on the gauge group SU(2)$_{L}{\times }SU(2)_{R}{\times }$U(1), the type-II seesaw model, and the Zee-Babu model. The two cases are listed separately in the following. Unless noted, one of the lepton flavor combinations is assumed to be dominant in the decay.

#### Limits for ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ with $\mathit T_{3}$ = $\pm{}$1

VALUE (GeV) CL% DOCUMENT ID TECN  COMMENT
$> 220$ 95 1
 2019 K
ATLS ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$
$> 768$ 95 2
 2018 BC
ATLS ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit e}}$
$> 846$ 95 2
 2018 BC
ATLS ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
$>468$ 95 3
 2015 AG
ATLS ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
$>400$ 95 4
 2015 AP
ATLS ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
$>400$ 95 4
 2015 AP
ATLS ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
$> 169$ 95 5
 2012 AU
CMS ${{\mathit \tau}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
$> 300$ 95 5
 2012 AU
CMS ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
$> 293$ 95 5
 2012 AU
CMS ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
$> 395$ 95 5
 2012 AU
CMS ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
$> 391$ 95 5
 2012 AU
CMS ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
$> 382$ 95 5
 2012 AU
CMS ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit e}}$
$>98.1$ 95 6
 2003
DLPH ${{\mathit \tau}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
$>99.0$ 95 7
 2002 C
OPAL ${{\mathit \tau}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
• • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • •
$>350$ 95 8
 2021 U
ATLS ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$
$>230$ 95 9
 2021 U
ATLS ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}{{\mathit H}^{\mp}}$ associated production, ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$ , ${{\mathit H}^{\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit Z}}$
10
 2021 W
CMS ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$
11
 2019 CQ
CMS ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$
12
 2018 CC
CMS ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$
$>551$ 95 3
 2015 AG
ATLS ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit e}}$
$>516$ 95 3
 2015 AG
ATLS ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
13
 2015
RVUE ${{\mathit W}^{(*)\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{(*)\pm}}$
14
 2015 D
CMS ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$
15
 2014
RVUE ${{\mathit W}^{(*)\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{(*)\pm}}$
$> 330$ 95 16
 2013 Y
ATLS ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
$> 237$ 95 16
 2013 Y
ATLS ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
$> 355$ 95 17
 2012 AY
ATLS ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
$> 398$ 95 18
 2012 CQ
ATLS ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
$> 375$ 95 18
 2012 CQ
ATLS ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
$> 409$ 95 18
 2012 CQ
ATLS ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit e}}$
$> 128$ 95 19
 2012 A
D0 ${{\mathit \tau}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
$> 144$ 95 19
 2012 A
D0 ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
$> 245$ 95 20
 2011 AF
CDF ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
$> 210$ 95 20
 2011 AF
CDF ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
$> 225$ 95 20
 2011 AF
CDF ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit e}}$
$> 114$ 95 21
 2008 AA
CDF ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
$> 112$ 95 21
 2008 AA
CDF ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \tau}}$
$> 168$ 95 22
 2008 V
D0 ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
23
 2006 A
H1 single ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$
$> 133$ 95 24
 2005 L
CDF stable
$>118.4$ 95 25
 2004 E
D0 ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$
26
 2003 Q
OPAL $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}{}\leq{}$209 GeV, single ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$
27
 1997
SPEC muonium conversion
28
 1995
THEO
$>45.6$ 95 29
 1992 M
OPAL
$>30.4$ 95 30
 1992 M
OPAL
$\text{none 6.5 - 36.6}$ 95 31
 1990
MRK2
 1 AABOUD 2019K search for pair production of ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ followed by the decay ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$ in 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 13 TeV. The search is interpreted in a doublet-triplet extension of the scalar sector with a vev of 0.1 GeV, leading to B( ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$ ) = 1. See their Fig. 5 for limits on the cross section for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{++}}}$ between 200 and 700 GeV.
 2 See their Figs. 11(b) and 13 for limits with smaller branching ratios.
 3 AAD 2015AG search for ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ production in 20.3 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. The limit assumes 100$\%$ branching ratio to the specified final state. See their Fig. 5 for limits for arbitrary branching ratios.
 4 AAD 2015AP search for ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ production in 20.3 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. The limit assumes 100$\%$ branching ratio to the specified final state.
 5 CHATRCHYAN 2012AU search for ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ production with 4.9 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 7 TeV. The limit assumes 100$\%$ branching ratio to the specified final state. See their Table 6 for limits including associated ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{-}}$ production or assuming different scenarios.
 6 ABDALLAH 2003 search for ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ pair production either followed by ${{\mathit H}^{++}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{+}}$ , or decaying outside the detector.
 7 ABBIENDI 2002C searches for pair production of ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ , with ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \ell}^{\pm}}$ (${{\mathit \ell}}$ ,${{\mathit \ell}^{\,'}}$ = ${{\mathit e}}$ ,${{\mathit \mu}}$ ,${{\mathit \tau}}$ ). The limit holds for ${{\mathit \ell}}$ =${{\mathit \ell}^{\,'}}$ =${{\mathit \tau}}$ , and becomes stronger for other combinations of leptonic final states. To ensure the decay within the detector, the limit only applies for $\mathit g$( ${{\mathit H}}{{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \ell}}$ )${ {}\gtrsim{} }10^{-7}$.
 8 AAD 2021U search for pair production of ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ followed by the decay ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$ in 139 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 13 TeV. The search is interpreted in a triplet extension of the SM Higgs sector with a triplet vev of 0.1 GeV, leading to B( ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$ ) = 1. See their Fig. 9(a) for limits on the cross section for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{++}}}$ between 200 and 600 GeV.
 9 AAD 2021U search for associated production of ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}{{\mathit H}^{\mp}}$ followed by the decays ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$ , ${{\mathit H}^{\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit Z}}$ in 139 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 13 TeV. ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ and ${{\mathit H}^{\pm}}$ are assumed to be degenerate in mass within 5 GeV. The search is interpreted in a triplet extension of the SM Higgs sector with a triplet vev of 0.1 GeV, leading to B( ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$ ) = 1. See their Fig. 9(b) for limits on the cross section for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{++}}}$ between 200 and 600 GeV.
 10 SIRUNYAN 2021W search for vector boson fusion production of ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ decaying to ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \nu}}{{\mathit \ell}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ in 137 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 8 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{++}}}$ = $0.2 - 3.0$ TeV.
 11 SIRUNYAN 2019CQ search for ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ production by vector boson fusion followed by the decay ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\mathit q}}{{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ in 35.9 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 5 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}}$ between 0.6 and 2 TeV.
 12 SIRUNYAN 2018CC search for ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ production by vector boson fusion followed by the decay ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$ in 35.9 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 13 TeV. See their Fig. 3 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}}$ between 200 and 1000 GeV.
 13 KANEMURA 2015 examine the case where ${{\mathit H}^{++}}$ decays preferentially to ${{\mathit W}^{(*)}}{{\mathit W}^{(*)}}$ and estimate that a lower mass limit of $\sim{}$84 GeV can be derived from the same-sign dilepton data of AAD 2015AG if ${{\mathit H}^{++}}$ decays with 100$\%$ branching ratio to ${{\mathit W}^{(*)}}{{\mathit W}^{(*)}}$ .
 14 KHACHATRYAN 2015D search for ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ production by vector boson fusion followed by the decay ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit W}^{\pm}}{{\mathit W}^{\pm}}$ in 19.4 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 8 TeV. See their Fig. 4 for limits on cross section times branching ratio for ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{++}}}$ between 160 and 800 GeV.
 15 KANEMURA 2014 examine the case where ${{\mathit H}^{++}}$ decays preferentially to ${{\mathit W}^{(*)}}{{\mathit W}^{(*)}}$ and estimate that a lower mass limit of $\sim{}$60 GeV can be derived from the same-sign dilepton data of AAD 2012CY.
 16 AAD 2013Y search for ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ production in a generic search of events with three charged leptons in 4.6 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 7 TeV. The limit assumes 100$\%$ branching ratio to the specified final state.
 17 AAD 2012AY search for ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ production with 1.6 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 7 TeV. The limit assumes 100$\%$ branching ratio to the specified final state.
 18 AAD 2012CQ search for ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ production with 4.7 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 7 TeV. The limit assumes 100$\%$ branching ratio to the specified final state. See their Table 1 for limits assuming smaller branching ratios.
 19 ABAZOV 2012A search for ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ production in 7.0 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 1.96 TeV.
 20 AALTONEN 2011AF search for ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ production in 6.1 fb${}^{-1}$ of ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$ = 1.96 TeV.
 21 AALTONEN 2008AA search for ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$= 1.96 TeV. The limit assumes 100$\%$ branching ratio to the specified final state.
 22 ABAZOV 2008V search for ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ collisions at $\mathit E_{{\mathrm {cm}}}$= 1.96 TeV. The limit is for B( ${{\mathit H}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$ ) = 1. The limit is updated in ABAZOV 2012A.
 23 AKTAS 2006A search for single ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ production in ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at HERA. Assuming that ${{\mathit H}^{++}}$ only couples to ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{+}}$ with $\mathit g_{ {{\mathit e}} {{\mathit \mu}} }$ = 0.3 (electromagnetic strength), a limit ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{++}}}$ $>$ 141 GeV (95$\%$ CL) is derived. For the case where ${{\mathit H}^{++}}$ couples to ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \tau}}$ only the limit is 112 GeV.
 24 ACOSTA 2005L search for ${{\mathit H}^{{++}}}{{\mathit H}^{{--}}}$ pair production in ${{\mathit p}}{{\overline{\mathit p}}}$ collisions. The limit is valid for ${{\mathit g}}$ $_{ {{\mathit \ell}} {{\mathit \ell}^{\,'}} }$ $<$ $10^{-8}$ so that the Higgs decays outside the detector.
 25 ABAZOV 2004E search for ${{\mathit H}^{++}}{{\mathit H}^{--}}$ pair production in ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \mu}^{\pm}}$ . The limit is valid for $\mathit g_{ {{\mathit \mu}} {{\mathit \mu}} }{ {}\gtrsim{} }$ $10^{-7}$.
 26 ABBIENDI 2003Q searches for single ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ via direct production in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{\mp}}{{\mathit e}^{\mp}}{{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ , and via ${{\mathit t}}$ -channel exchange in ${{\mathit e}^{+}}$ ${{\mathit e}^{-}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}^{+}}{{\mathit e}^{-}}$ . In the direct case, and assuming B( ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \ell}^{\pm}}$ ) = 1, a 95$\%$ CL limit on ${{\mathit h}}$ $_{ee}$ $<$ 0.071 is set for ${\mathit m}_{ {{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}} }$ $<$ 160 GeV (see Fig. 6). In the second case, indirect limits on ${{\mathit h}}$ $_{ee}$ are set for ${\mathit m}_{ {{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}} }$ $<$ 2 TeV (see Fig. 8).
 27 GORDEEV 1997 search for muonium-antimuonium conversion and find $\mathit G_{ {{\mathit M}} {{\overline{\mathit M}}} }/\mathit G_{\mathit F}<0.14$ (90$\%~$ CL), where $\mathit G_{ {{\mathit M}} {{\overline{\mathit M}}} }$ is the lepton-flavor violating effective four-fermion coupling. This limit may be converted to ${\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}^{++}}}>210$ GeV if the Yukawa couplings of ${{\mathit H}^{++}}$ to and ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$ are as large as the weak gauge coupling. For similar limits on muonium-antimuonium conversion, see the muon Particle Listings.
 28 ASAKA 1995 point out that ${{\mathit H}^{++}}$ decays dominantly to four fermions in a large region of parameter space where the limit of ACTON 1992M from the search of dilepton modes does not apply.
 29 ACTON 1992M limit assumes ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \ell}^{\pm}}$ or ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ does not decay in the detector. Thus the region $\mathit g_{ {{\mathit \ell}} {{\mathit \ell}} }\approx{}10^{-7}$ is not excluded.
 30 ACTON 1992M from $\Delta \Gamma _{{{\mathit Z}} }<$40 MeV.
 31 SWARTZ 1990 assume ${{\mathit H}^{\pm\pm}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \ell}^{\pm}}{{\mathit \ell}^{\pm}}$ (any flavor). The limits are valid for the Higgs-lepton coupling g( ${{\mathit H}}{{\mathit \ell}}{{\mathit \ell}}$ ) ${ {}\gtrsim{} }$ $7.4 \times 10^{-7}/[{\mathit m}_{{{\mathit H}}}$/GeV]${}^{1/2}$. The limits improve somewhat for ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit e}}$ and ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$ decay modes.
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