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¹	AAD 2023AM search for long-lived higgsinos from gauge-mediation which decay to ${{\mathit Z}}$ or ${{\mathit H}}$. No signal observed. Limits placed in c${{\mathit \tau}}$ vs m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) plane for various simplified models.

²	AAD 2023AR search for long-lived particles via decay to displaced ${{\mathit \gamma}}$ with 139 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. No signal observed. Limits placed in m vs. ${{\mathit \tau}}$ and BF vs. ${{\mathit \tau}}$ planes for gauge-mediated SUSY model.

³	AAD 2023BQ search for displaced dimuon events in ATLAS detector. No signal observed. Limits placed in smuon lifetime vs. mass plane for long-lived smuon model.

⁴	AAD 2023CO search for monopoles and high-electric-charge LLPs in ATLAS with 139 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. No signal observed. Limits placed in mass vs. charge plane.

⁵	AAD 2023G search for heavy highly ionizing long-lived particles with 139 fb${}^{-1}$ of data. No signal observed. Limits placed in m vs. ${{\mathit \tau}}$ plane for several SUSY models.

⁶	AAD 2023I search for light long-lived particles decaying to collimated decay products (e.g. dileptons). No signal observed. Limits placed in BF vs. ${{\mathit \tau}}$ plane.

⁷	TUMASYAN 2023AO search for trackless jets from LLP production at CMS. No signal observed. Limits placed for SUSY model with long-lived neutralino in m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) vs. c${{\mathit \tau}}$ plane.

⁸	TUMASYAN 2023G search for LLP decaying to displaced dimuons at CM with 97.6 fb${}^{-1}$ fb of data. No signal observed. Limits placed in c${{\mathit \tau}}$ vs. m plane for hidden Abelian Higgs simplified model.

⁹	AAD 2022H search for scalar mediator decay to two LLPs which decay in muon chambers with 139 fb${}^{-1}$ at 13 TeV; no signal detected; limits placed on various simplified models.

¹⁰	AAD 2022K search for LLP pair production via scalar mediator with LLP decay in hadron calorimeter; no signal detected; limits placed for various simplified models.

¹¹	AAD 2022U search for chargino LLP via disappearing tracks; no signal observed; limits placed in m(chargino) vs lifetime plane for cases of higgsino- or wino-like chargino .

¹²	AAIJ 2022U reports search for LLP production at LHCB with 5.4 fb${}^{-1}$ at 13 TeV followed by semileptonic decay to muon; no signal detected; limits placed in mass or lifetime vs. cross section plane for several simplified models.

¹³	ACHARYA 2022A report search for monople and HECO production via DY at 8 TeV LHC with 2.2 fb${}^{-1}$ with MoEDAL detector; no signal detected; limits placed in mass vs. cross section plane for various electric/magnetic charge scenarios.

¹⁴	TUMASYAN 2022AD search for heavy neutral lepton which decays as LLP to trilepton state with 138 fb${}^{-1}$ at 13 TeV; no signal detected; limits placed in mass vs. coupling plane.

¹⁵

TUMASYAN 2022AF search for LLPs via displaced lepton vertices. The analysis is performed with an integrated luminosity of 118 (113) fb${}^{-1}$ when analyzing the ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit e}}$ (${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \mu}}$, ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \mu}}$) channel; no signal detected; limits placed for a variety of simplified models.

¹⁶	TUMASYAN 2022M search in 117 fb${}^{-1}$ of 13 TeV data for ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit H}}$ production with ${{\mathit H}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit S}}{{\mathit S}}$ where ${{\mathit S}}$ is a LLP; no signal observed; limits placed in decay length vs. branching fraction plane.

¹⁷	TUMASYAN 2022N search in 101 fb${}^{-1}$ of 13 TeV data for LLP production via decay to dimuons; no signal observed; limits placed on mass vs. coupling or lifetime for a variety of simplified models.

¹⁸	AAD 2021AL reports on ATLAS search for long-lived charged particles with 139 fb${}^{-1}$ at 13 TeV. No signal observed. Limits placed in lifetime vs. mass plane: e.g. for ${{\mathit \tau}}$(LLP) $\sim{}$ 0.1 ns, m(selectron) $>$ 720 GeV.

¹⁹

AAD 2021BA search for long-lived particles from ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit H}}$ production ( ${{\mathit H}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit b}}{{\overline{\mathit b}}}$) with 2 displaced vertices in 139 fb${}^{-1}$ of data at 13 TeV. No signal detected. Limits placed in branching fraction vs. lifetime plane.

²⁰

AAIJ 2021V search for ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$LLP + LLP with LLP$\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit e}}{{\mathit \mu}}{{\mathit \nu}}$ in the lifetime range between 2 and 50 ps at LHCb with 5.4 fb${}^{-1}$ at 13 TeV. No signal observed. Limits placed in LLP cross section vs. mass or lifetime plane for m(LLP) $\sim{}$ 7 to 50 GeV.

²¹	SIRUNYAN 2021AF search for LLPs at CMS via jets with 2 displaced vertices in 140 fb${}^{-1}$ of data at 13 TeV. No signal observed. Limits placed for RPV SUSY models in which a long-lived neutralino or gluino decays into a multijet final state with top, bottom, and strange quarks.

²²

SIRUNYAN 2021U search for long-lived particles (LLPs) via displaced jets at CMS with LHC13 and 132 fb${}^{-1}$. No signal detected. Limits placed on simplified model production of LLP ${{\mathit X}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit q}}{{\overline{\mathit q}}}$ with ${{\mathit \sigma}}$ $<$ 0.07 fb for m(X) $>$ 500 GeV and c${{\mathit \tau}}$ $\sim{}$ 2 to 250 mm.

²³

TUMASYAN 2021 search for long-lived particles in CMS muon endcap detector in 137 fb${}^{-1}$ of data at 13 TeV. No signal detected. Limits are placed depending on the branching fraction of Higgs boson to LLP decaying to ${{\mathit d}}{{\mathit d}}$, ${{\mathit b}}{{\mathit b}}$, and ${{\mathit \tau}^{+}}{{\mathit \tau}^{-}}$, depending on proper decay length, and LLP masses.

²⁴	AAD 2020D search for opposite-sign dileptons originating from long-lived particles in ${{\mathit p}}{{\mathit p}}$ collisions at 13 Tev with 32.8 fb${}^{-1}$; limits placed in squark cross section vs. c${{\mathit \tau}}$ plane for RPV SUSY.

²⁵	AAD 2020J search for scalar boson decay to two long-lived particles; no signal; limits placed in BF vs c${{\mathit \tau}}$ plane for various mass hypotheses. This search is also combined with other ATLAS displaced-jet searches.

²⁶	AAD 2020M search for long-lived top-squarks decay to ${{\mathit \mu}}$ and hadrons; no signal; limits placed in cross section vs. mass and mass vs. lifetime planes .

²⁷

AAD 2020P search for long-lived dark photons produced from the decay of a scalar boson, with each dark photon decaying into displaced collimated leptons or light hadrons at 13 TeV with 36 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal; limits placed in ${{\mathit \sigma}}\cdot{}$BF vs. c${{\mathit \tau}}$ and other planes.

²⁸	AAIJ 2020AL search for long-lived ${{\mathit X}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ decays in 5.1 fb${}^{-1}$ of LHCb data at 13 TeV; no signal; limits placed on m(${{\mathit X}}$) up to 3 GeV depending on kinetic mixing.

²⁹	BALL 2020 search for long-lived milli-charged particles produced at LHC; limits placed in charge vs. mass plane (Fig. 8).

³⁰	AABOUD 2019AE search for long-lived particles via displaced jets using 10.8 fb${}^{-1}$ or 33.0 fb${}^{-1}$ data (depending on a trigger) at 13 TeV; no signal found and limits set in branching ratio vs. decay length plane.

³¹

AABOUD 2019AK searches for long-lived particle ${{\mathit Z}_{{{d}}}}$ via ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit \Phi}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit Z}}{{\mathit Z}_{{{d}}}}$ at 13 TeV with 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal found and limits set in ${{\mathit \sigma}}{\times }$BR vs. lifetime plane for simplified model.

³²	AABOUD 2019AM search for Drell-Yan (DY) production of long-lived multi-charge particles at 13 TeV with 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$ of data; no signal found and exclude 50 GeV $<$ m(LLMCP) $<$ $980 - 1220$ GeV for electric charge $\vert $q$\vert $ = ($2 - 7$)e.

³³	AABOUD 2019AO search for neutral long-lived particles producing displaced jets at 13 TeV with 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$ of data; no signal found and exclude regions of ${{\mathit \sigma}}\cdot{}$BR vs. lifetime plane for various models.

³⁴	AABOUD 2019AT search for heavy, charged long-lived particles at 13 TeV with 36.1 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal found and upper limits set on masses of various hypothetical particles.

³⁵	AABOUD 2019G search for long-lived particle with decay to ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$ at 13 TeV with 32.9 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal found and limits set in combinations of lifetime, mass and coupling planes for various simplified models.

³⁶	SIRUNYAN 2019BH search for long-lived SUSY particles via displaced jets at 13 TeV with 35.9 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal found and limits placed in mass vs lifetime plane for various hypothetical models.

³⁷	SIRUNYAN 2019BT search for displaced jet(s)+$\not E_T$ at 13 TeV with 137 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal found and limits placed in mass vs lifetime plane for gauge mediated SUSY breaking models.

³⁸	SIRUNYAN 2019CA search for gluino/squark decay to long-lived neutralino, decay to ${{\mathit \gamma}}$ in GMSB; no signal, limits placed in m(${{\mathit \chi}}$) vs. lifetime plane for SPS8 GMSB benchmark point .

³⁹	SIRUNYAN 2019Q search for ${{\mathit p}}$ ${{\mathit p}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit j}}$ + displaced jet via dark quark with 13 TeV at 16.1 fb${}^{-1}$; no signal found and limits set in mass vs lifetime plane for dark quark/dark pion model.

⁴⁰	SIRUNYAN 2018AW search for very long lived particles (LLPs) decaying hadronically or to ${{\mathit \mu}}{{\overline{\mathit \mu}}}$ in CMS detector; none seen/limits set on lifetime vs. cross section.

⁴¹	AAIJ 2016AR search for long lived particles from ${{\mathit H}}$ $\rightarrow$ ${{\mathit X}}{{\mathit X}}$ with displaced ${{\mathit X}}$ decay vertex using 0.62 fb${}^{-1}$ at 7 TeV; limits set in Fig. 7.

⁴²	KHACHATRYAN 2016BW search for heavy stable charged particles via ToF with 2.5 fb${}^{-1}$ at 13 TeV; require stable m(gluinoball) $>$ 1610 GeV.

⁴³

BADIER 1986 looked for long-lived particles at 300 GeV ${{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ beam dump. The limit applies for nonstrongly interacting neutral or charged particles with mass $>$2 GeV. The limit applies for particle modes, ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$, ${{\mathit \mu}^{+}}{{\mathit \mu}^{-}}$, ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}$ X, ${{\mathit \pi}^{+}}{{\mathit \pi}^{-}}{{\mathit \pi}^{\pm}}$ etc. See their figure 5 for the contours of limits in the mass-$\tau $ plane for each mode.

References

Except where otherwise noted, content of the 2024 Review of Particle Physics is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. The publication of the Review of Particle Physics is supported by US DOE, MEXT (Japan), INFN (Italy) and CERN. Individual collaborators receive support for their PDG activities from their respective institutes or funding agencies. © 2024. See LBNL disclaimers.

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