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${{\mathit e}}$ ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT (d)

A nonzero value is forbidden by both $\mathit T$ invariance and $\mathit P$ invariance.

VALUE ($ 10^{-28} $ $\mathit e~$cm)

CL%

DOCUMENT ID

TECN

COMMENT

$\bf{<0.041}$

90

ESR

electrons in intramolecular electric field

• • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • •

$<0.11$

90

CNTR

${}^{}\mathrm {ThO}$ molecules

$<1.3$

90

ESR

${}^{180}\mathrm {Hf}{}^{19}\mathrm {F}$ molecules

$-5570$ $\pm7980$ $\pm120$

CNTR

Gd$_{3}$Ga$_{5}O_{12}$ molecules

$<0.87$

90

CNTR

${}^{}\mathrm {ThO}$ molecules

$<6050$

90

CNTR

Eu$_{0.5}$Ba$_{0.5}$TiO$_{3}$ molecules

$<10.5$

90

NMR

${}^{}\mathrm {YbF}$ molecules

$6.9$ $\pm7.4$

MRS

${}^{205}\mathrm {Tl}$ beams

$18$ $\pm12$ $\pm10$

MRS

${}^{205}\mathrm {Tl}$ beams

$-27$ $\pm83$

MRS

${}^{205}\mathrm {Tl}$ beams

$-1400$ $\pm2400$

NMR

${}^{}\mathrm {TlF}$ molecules

$-150$ $\pm550$ $\pm150$

${}^{}\mathrm {Cs}$, no $\mathit B$ field

$-5000$ $\pm11000$

NMR

${}^{199}\mathrm {Hg}$

($190$ $\pm340$) $ \times 10^{2}$

90

MRS

Thallium

$7000$ $\pm22000$

90

MRS

Xenon

$\text{<30000}$

90

MRS

Cesium

¹	ROUSSY 2023 gives a measurement corresponding to this limit as ($-1.3$ $\pm2.0$ $\pm0.6$) $ \times 10^{-30}{{\mathit e}}$cm.

²	ANDREEV 2018 gives a measurement corresponding to this limit as ($4.3$ $\pm3.1$ $\pm2.6$) $ \times 10^{-30}{{\mathit e}}$cm.

³	CAIRNCROSS 2017 gives a measurement corresponding to this limit as ($0.09$ $\pm0.77$ $\pm0.17$) $ \times 10^{-28}{{\mathit e}}$cm.

⁴	BARON 2014 gives a measurement corresponding to this limit as ($-0.21$ $\pm0.37$ $\pm0.25$) $ \times 10^{-28}{{\mathit e}}$cm.

⁵	ECKEL 2012 gives a measurement corresponding to this limit as ($-1.07$ $\pm3.06$ $\pm1.74$) $ \times 10^{-25}{{\mathit e}}$cm.

⁶	HUDSON 2011 gives a measurement corresponding to this limit as ($-2.4$ $\pm5.7$ $\pm1.5$) $ \times 10^{-28}{{\mathit e}}$cm.

⁷	ABDULLAH 1990, COMMINS 1994, and REGAN 2002 use the relativistic enhancement of a valence electron's electric dipole moment in a high-Z atom.

Conservation Laws:

TIME REVERSAL ($\mathit T$) INVARIANCE

PARITY ($\mathit P$) INVARIANCE

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