Send Feedback
Home
pdgLive
Summary Tables
Reviews, Tables, Plots
Particle Listings
pdgLive Home
>
${{\mathit e}}$
>
${{\mathit e}}$ ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT (d)
${{\boldsymbol e}}$ ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT (d)
INSPIRE search
A nonzero value is forbidden by both $\mathit T$ invariance and $\mathit P$ invariance.
VALUE
($ 10^{-28} $ $\mathit e~$cm)
CL%
DOCUMENT ID
TECN
COMMENT
$\bf{<0.11}$
90
1
ANDREEV
2018
CNTR
${}^{}\mathrm {ThO}$ molecules
• • • We do not use the following data for averages, fits, limits, etc. • • •
$<1.3$
90
2
CAIRNCROSS
2017
ESR
${}^{180}\mathrm {Hf}{}^{19}\mathrm {F}$ molecules
$-5570$ $\pm7980$ $\pm120$
KIM
2015
CNTR
Gd$_{3}$Ga$_{5}O_{12}$ molecules
$<0.87$
90
3
BARON
2014
CNTR
${}^{}\mathrm {ThO}$ molecules
$<6050$
90
4
ECKEL
2012
CNTR
Eu$_{0.5}$Ba$_{0.5}$TiO$_{3}$ molecules
$<10.5$
90
5
HUDSON
2011
NMR
${}^{}\mathrm {YbF}$ molecules
$6.9$ $\pm7.4$
REGAN
2002
MRS
${}^{205}\mathrm {Tl}$ beams
$18$ $\pm12$ $\pm10$
6
COMMINS
1994
MRS
${}^{205}\mathrm {Tl}$ beams
$-27$ $\pm83$
6
ABDULLAH
1990
MRS
${}^{205}\mathrm {Tl}$ beams
$-1400$ $\pm2400$
CHO
1989
NMR
${}^{}\mathrm {TlF}$ molecules
$-150$ $\pm550$ $\pm150$
MURTHY
1989
${}^{}\mathrm {Cs}$, no $\mathit B$ field
$-5000$ $\pm11000$
LAMOREAUX
1987
NMR
${}^{199}\mathrm {Hg}$
$19000$ $\pm34000$
90
SANDARS
1975
MRS
Thallium
$7000$ $\pm22000$
90
PLAYER
1970
MRS
Xenon
$\text{<30000}$
90
WEISSKOPF
1968
MRS
Cesium
1
ANDREEV 2018
gives a measurement corresponding to this limit as ($4.3$ $\pm3.1$ $\pm2.6$) $ \times 10^{-30}{{\mathit e}}$cm.
2
CAIRNCROSS 2017
gives a measurement corresponding to this limit as ($0.09$ $\pm0.77$ $\pm0.17$) $ \times 10^{-28}{{\mathit e}}$cm.
3
BARON 2014
gives a measurement corresponding to this limit as ($-0.21$ $\pm0.37$ $\pm0.25$) $ \times 10^{-28}{{\mathit e}}$cm.
4
ECKEL 2012
gives a measurement corresponding to this limit as ($-1.07$ $\pm3.06$ $\pm1.74$) $ \times 10^{-25}{{\mathit e}}$cm.
5
HUDSON 2011
gives a measurement corresponding to this limit as ($-2.4$ $\pm5.7$ $\pm1.5$) $ \times 10^{-28}{{\mathit e}}$cm.
6
ABDULLAH 1990
,
COMMINS 1994
, and
REGAN 2002
use the relativistic enhancement of a valence electron's electric dipole moment in a high-Z atom.
Conservation Laws:
TIME REVERSAL ($\mathit T$) INVARIANCE
,
PARITY ($\mathit P$) INVARIANCE
References:
ANDREEV
2018
NAT 562 355
Improved limit on the electric dipole moment of the electron
CAIRNCROSS
2017
PRL 119 153001
Precision Measurement of the Electron’s Electric Dipole Moment using Trapped Molecular Ions
KIM
2015
PR D91 102004
New Experimental Limit on the Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron in a Paramagnetic Insulator
BARON
2014
SCIENCE 343 269
Order of Magnitude Smaller Limit on the Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron
ECKEL
2012
PRL 109 193003
Limit on the Electron Electric Dipole Moment using Paramagnetic Ferroelectric Eu$_{0.5}$Ba$_{0.5}$Ti$_{O3}$
HUDSON
2011
NAT 473 493
Improved Measurement of the Shape of the Electron
REGAN
2002
PRL 88 071805
New Limit on the Electron Electric Dipole Moment
COMMINS
1994
PR A50 2960
Improved Experimental Limit on the Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron
ABDULLAH
1990
PRL 65 2347
New Experimental Limit on the Electron Electric Dipole Moment
CHO
1989
PRL 63 2559
Tenfold Improvement of Limits on $\mathit T$ Violation in Thallium Fluoride
MURTHY
1989
PRL 63 965
New Limits on the Electron Electric Dipole Moment from Cesium
LAMOREAUX
1987
PRL 59 2275
New Constraints on Time Reversal Asymmetry from a Search for a Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of ${}^{199}\mathrm {Hg}$
SANDARS
1975
PR A11 473
Electric Dipole Moment Enhancement Factor for Thallium Atom, and a New Upper Limit on the Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron
PLAYER
1970
JP B3 1620
An Experiment to Search for an Electric Dipole Moment in the ${}^{3}P_{2}$ Metastable State of Xenon
WEISSKOPF
1968
PRL 21 1645
Electric Dipole Moment of the Cesium Atom. A New Upper Limit to the Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron